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Finding the optimal size of deep learning models is very actual and of broad impact, especially in energy-saving schemes. Very recently, an unexpected phenomenon, the ``double descent'', has caught the attention of the deep learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Victor Quétu , Enzo Tartaglione

Temporal Difference (TD) algorithms are widely used in Deep Reinforcement Learning (RL). Their performance is heavily influenced by the size of the neural network. While in supervised learning, the regime of over-parameterization and its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-20 David Brellmann , Eloïse Berthier , David Filliat , Goran Frehse

This paper focuses on over-parameterized deep neural networks (DNNs) with ReLU activation functions and proves that when the data distribution is well-separated, DNNs can achieve Bayes-optimal test error for classification while obtaining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Zhenyu Zhu , Fanghui Liu , Grigorios G Chrysos , Francesco Locatello , Volkan Cevher

The double descent curve is one of the most intriguing properties of deep neural networks. It contrasts the classical bias-variance curve with the behavior of modern neural networks, occurring where the number of samples nears the number of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-05 John Chen , Qihan Wang , Anastasios Kyrillidis

Despite the importance of denoising in modern machine learning and ample empirical work on supervised denoising, its theoretical understanding is still relatively scarce. One concern about studying supervised denoising is that one might not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Chinmaya Kausik , Kashvi Srivastava , Rishi Sonthalia

Overparametrized models can exhibit an excellent generalization performance, although they should be prone to overfitting according to classical statistical theory. The discovery of the "double descent", indicating that the generalization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Tino Werner

People usually believe that network pruning not only reduces the computational cost of deep networks, but also prevents overfitting by decreasing model capacity. However, our work surprisingly discovers that network pruning sometimes even…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Zheng He , Zeke Xie , Quanzhi Zhu , Zengchang Qin

The phenomenon of model-wise double descent, where the test error peaks and then reduces as the model size increases, is an interesting topic that has attracted the attention of researchers due to the striking observed gap between theory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-08 Chris Yuhao Liu , Jeffrey Flanigan

Increasing the size of overparameterized neural networks has been a key in achieving state-of-the-art performance. This is captured by the double descent phenomenon, where the test loss follows a decreasing-increasing-decreasing pattern (or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Yihao Xue , Kyle Whitecross , Baharan Mirzasoleiman

In some studies \citep[e.g.,][]{zhang2016understanding} of deep learning, it is observed that over-parametrized deep neural networks achieve a small testing error even when the training error is almost zero. Despite numerous works towards…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-02-25 Yue Xing , Qifan Song , Guang Cheng

Double descent is a phenomenon of over-parameterized statistical models such as deep neural networks which have a re-descending property in their risk function. As the complexity of the model increases, risk exhibits a U-shaped region due…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-16 Nick Polson , Vadim Sokolov

Modern machine learning methods are often overparametrized, allowing adaptation to the data at a fine level. This can seem puzzling; in the worst case, such models do not need to generalize. This puzzle inspired a great amount of work,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-06-10 Licong Lin , Edgar Dobriban

Deep learning models, particularly Transformers, have achieved impressive results in various domains, including time series forecasting. While existing time series literature primarily focuses on model architecture modifications and data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Valentino Assandri , Sam Heshmati , Burhaneddin Yaman , Anton Iakovlev , Ariel Emiliano Repetur

Recent studies observed a surprising concept on model test error called the double descent phenomenon, where the increasing model complexity decreases the test error first and then the error increases and decreases again. To observe this,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-14 Chathurika S Abeykoon , Aleksandr Beknazaryan , Hailin Sang

We study generalization properties of random features (RF) regression in high dimensions optimized by stochastic gradient descent (SGD) in under-/over-parameterized regime. In this work, we derive precise non-asymptotic error bounds of RF…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-10-18 Fanghui Liu , Johan A. K. Suykens , Volkan Cevher

One crucial factor behind the success of deep learning lies in the implicit bias induced by noise inherent in gradient-based training algorithms. Motivated by empirical observations that training with noisy labels improves model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Tongcheng Zhang , Zhanpeng Zhou , Mingze Wang , Andi Han , Wei Huang , Taiji Suzuki , Junchi Yan

Understanding the inductive bias and generalization properties of large overparametrized machine learning models requires to characterize the dynamics of the training algorithm. We study the learning dynamics of large two-layer neural…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-30 Andrea Montanari , Pierfrancesco Urbani

The theory of bias-variance used to serve as a guide for model selection when applying Machine Learning algorithms. However, modern practice has shown success with over-parameterized models that were expected to overfit but did not. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-21 Luis Sa-Couto , Jose Miguel Ramos , Miguel Almeida , Andreas Wichert

Existing bounds on the generalization error of deep networks assume some form of smooth or bounded dependence on the input variable, falling short of investigating the mechanisms controlling such factors in practice. In this work, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Matteo Gamba , Hossein Azizpour , Mårten Björkman

Deep double descent is one of the key phenomena underlying the generalization capability of deep learning models. In this study, epoch-wise double descent, which is delayed generalization following overfitting, was empirically investigated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Tomoki Kubo , Ryuken Uda , Yusuke Iida