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We present a novel, observationally-based framework for the formation epochs and sites of globular clusters (GCs) in a cosmological context. Measuring directly the mean ages of the metal-poor and metal-rich GC subpopulations in our own…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-08-06 Duncan A. Forbes , Nicola Pastorello , Aaron J. Romanowsky , Christopher Usher , Jean P. Brodie , Jay Strader

In the $\Lambda$CDM model of structure formation galactic haloes build up by accretion of mass and mergers of smaller subunits. The most recent massive merger event experienced by the Milky Way (MW) halo was the accretion of the Large…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-08-05 Tilly A. Evans , Azadeh Fattahi , Alis J. Deason , Carlos S. Frenk

We present simulations of the formation of thick disks via the accretion of two-component satellites onto a pre-existing thin disk. Our goal is to establish the detailed characteristics of the thick disks obtained in this way, as well as…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-09-19 Álvaro Villalobos , Amina Helmi

The standard cosmological scenario predicts a hierarchical formation for galaxies. Many substructures were found in the Galactic halo, identified as clumps in kinematic spaces, like the energy-angular momentum one (E-Lz), under the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-10-09 Alice Mori , Paola Di Matteo , Stefania Salvadori , Sergey Khoperskov , Giulia Pagnini , Misha Haywood

We analyse the globular cluster (GC) systems of a sample of 15 massive, compact early-type galaxies (ETGs), 13 of which have already been identified as good relic galaxy candidates on the basis of their compact morphologies, old stellar…

We set out to compare the age-metallicity relation (AMR) of massive clusters from Magellanic Cloud mass galaxies in the E-MOSAICS suite of numerical cosmological simulations with an amalgamation of observational data of massive clusters in…

We investigate the formation and evolution of z=0 massive compact galaxies (MCGs) in the IllustrisTNG cosmological simulation. We found that, as in observations, MCGs are mainly old (median age $\sim 10.8$ Gyr), have super-solar…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-07-26 F. S. Lohmann , A. Schnorr-Müller , M. Trevisan , T. V. Ricci , K. Slodkowski Clerici

Using three-dimensional smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations, we investigate the formation of multiple stellar populations (MSPs) in globular clusters (GCs) within the context of their parent galaxies. In our scenario, the second…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-01-08 Madeleine McKenzie , Kenji Bekki

Prompted by the discovery of the accreted Canis Major dwarf galaxy and its associated globular cluster (GC) system (Martin etal.), we investigate the contribution of accreted GCs to the Galactic system. The Canis Major GCs, and those…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Duncan A. Forbes , Jay Strader , Jean Brodie

As galaxies form hierarchically, larger satellites may accrete alongside smaller companions in group infall events. This coordinated accretion is likely to have left signatures in the Milky Way's stellar halo at the present day. Our goal is…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-08-20 Thomas M. Callingham , Amina Helmi

The mass distribution and chemical composition of globular cluster (GC) systems preserve fossil record of the early stages of galaxy formation. The observed distribution of GC colors within massive early-type galaxies in the ACS Virgo…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-19 Hui Li , Oleg Y. Gnedin

We propose that structural, kinematical, and chemical properties of the Galactic globular clusters (GCs) can contain fossil information of the cosmic reionization history. We first summarize possible observational evidences for the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Kenji Bekki

Globular clusters are unique tracers of ancient star formation. We determine the formation efficiencies of globular clusters across cosmic time by modeling the formation and dynamical evolution of the globular cluster population of a Milky…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-22 Harley Katz , Massimo Ricotti

We present a new method of quantifying a galaxy's accretion history from its integrated spectrum alone. Using full spectral fitting and calibrated regularization techniques we show how we can accurately derive a galaxy's mass distribution…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-01-08 Alina Boecker , Ryan Leaman , Glenn van de Ven , Mark A. Norris , Ted Mackereth , Robert A. Crain

We present an end-to-end description of the formation process of globular clusters (GCs) which combines a treatment for their formation and dynamical evolution within galaxy haloes with a state-of-the-art semi-analytic simulation of galaxy…

Collisions and mergers of gas-rich galaxies trigger bursts of star and cluster formation. Of the thousands of clusters typically formed during a major merger, only the most massive and compact survive for Gigayears as globular clusters…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Francois Schweizer

Galaxies accrete their mass by means of both smooth accretion from the cosmic web, and the mergers of smaller entities. We wish to quantify the respective role of these two modes of accretion, which could determine the morphological types…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-11-15 Benjamin L'Huillier , Francoise Combes , Benoit Semelin

Observational surveys have found that the dynamical masses of ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs) correlate with the richness of their globular cluster (GC) system. This could be explained if GC-rich galaxies formed in more massive dark matter…

Galactic globular clusters (GCs) are believed to have formed in-situ in the Galaxy as well as in dwarf galaxies later accreted onto the Milky Way. However, to date, there is no unambiguous signature to distinguish accreted GCs. Using…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-08-16 Paolo Bianchini , Alison Sills , Meghan Miholics

The discovery of proto-globular cluster candidates in many current-day mergers allows us to better understand the possible effects of a merger event on the globular cluster system of a galaxy, and to foresee the properties of the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-30 Markus Kissler-Patig , Duncan A. Forbes , Dante Minniti