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X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) experiments have brought unique capabilities and opened new directions in research, such as creating new states of matter or directly measuring atomic motion. One such area is the ability to use finely…
We propose a new modeling approach for scatter estimation and descattering in polyenergetic X-ray computed tomography (CT) based on fitting models to local neighborhoods of a training set. X-ray CT is widely used in medical and industrial…
We propose a sequential nonparametric test for detecting a change in distribution, based on windowed Kolmogorov--Smirnov statistics. The approach is simple, robust, highly computationally efficient, easy to calibrate, and requires no…
We lay the foundations for a new fast method to reconstruct the electron density in x-ray scanning applications using measurements in the dark field. This approach is applied to a type of machine configuration with fixed energy sensitive…
The Standard Model of particle physics can be extended to include sterile (right-handed) neutrinos or axions to solve the dark matter problem. Depending upon the mixing angle between active and sterile neutrinos, the latter have the…
We describe a new method for imaging ultrafast dynamics in condensed matter using inelastic x-ray scattering (IXS). We use the concepts of causality and irreversibility to construct a general solution to the inverse scattering problem (or…
Entangled-photon coincidence imaging is a method to nonlocally image an object by transmitting a pair of entangled photons through the object and a reference optical system, respectively. The image of the object can be extracted from the…
We introduce a shape-sensitive loss function for catheter and guidewire segmentation and utilize it in a vision transformer network to establish a new state-of-the-art result on a large-scale X-ray images dataset. We transform…
Previously we considered the effect of experimental parameters on optimized transmission through opaque media using spatial light modulator (SLM)-based wavefront shaping. In this study we consider the opposite geometry, in which we optimize…
The dark photon is a massive hypothetical particle that interacts with the Standard Model by kinetically mixing with the visible photon. For small values of the mixing parameter, dark photons can evade cosmological bounds to be a viable…
In this paper we study the reconstruction of moving object densities from undersampled dynamic X-ray tomography in two dimensions. A particular motivation of this study is to use realistic measurement protocols for practical applications,…
The research and development of silicon-based X-ray fluorescence detectors achieved its submicron sensitivity. Its initial use is intended for in-situ beam monitoring at advanced light-source facilities. The effectively functioning…
A dark photon may kinetically mix with the Standard Model photon, leading to observable cosmological signatures. The mixing is resonantly enhanced when the dark photon mass matches the primordial plasma frequency, which depends sensitively…
The translation of an early (1957), Russian article on the development of x-ray computed tomography is provided. The article demonstrates a principle possibility of determining the local attenuation coefficient in every element of a…
The values of the signal-to-noise ratio are determined, at which the method of processing X-ray diffraction data reveals reflections with intensity less than the noise component of the background. The possibilities of the method are…
In the magnetar model, the quiescent non-thermal soft X-ray emission from Anomalous X-ray Pulsars and Soft-Gamma Repeaters is thought to arise from resonant comptonization of thermal photons by charges moving in a twisted magnetosphere.…
While it is well known that X-ray tomography using a polychromatic source is non-linear, as the linear attenuation coefficient depends on the wavelength of the X-rays, tomography using near monochromatic sources are usually assumed to be a…
Mahdavi et al. find that the degree of agreement between weak lensing and X-ray mass measurements is a function of cluster radius. Numerical simulations also point out that X-ray mass proxies do not work equally well at all radii. The…
We present the development and performance of a Fourier transformation (FT) based Raman spectrometer working with visible laser (532 nm) excitation. It is generally thought that FT-Raman spectrometers are not viable in the visible range…
Emerging methods of x-ray imaging that capture phase and dark-field effects are equipping medicine with complementary sensitivity to conventional radiography. These methods are being applied over a wide range of scales, from virtual…