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Multi-hop reading comprehension requires not only the ability to reason over raw text but also the ability to combine multiple evidence. We propose a novel learning approach that helps language models better understand difficult multi-hop…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Xiao-Yu Guo , Yuan-Fang Li , Gholamreza Haffari

Humans ask follow-up questions driven by curiosity, which reflects a creative human cognitive process. We introduce the task of real-world information-seeking follow-up question generation (FQG), which aims to generate follow-up questions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Yan Meng , Liangming Pan , Yixin Cao , Min-Yen Kan

Prior work on automated question generation has almost exclusively focused on generating simple questions whose answers can be extracted from a single document. However, there is an increasing interest in developing systems that are capable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Devendra Singh Sachan , Lingfei Wu , Mrinmaya Sachan , William Hamilton

We propose a new CogQA framework for multi-hop question answering in web-scale documents. Inspired by the dual process theory in cognitive science, the framework gradually builds a \textit{cognitive graph} in an iterative process by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-05 Ming Ding , Chang Zhou , Qibin Chen , Hongxia Yang , Jie Tang

In this paper, we present a two stage model for multi-hop question answering. The first stage is a hierarchical graph network, which is used to reason over multi-hop question and is capable to capture different levels of granularity using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Guanming Xiong

Creating multiple-choice questions to assess reading comprehension of a given article involves generating question-answer pairs (QAPs) and adequate distractors. We present two methods to tackle the challenge of QAP generations: (1) A…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Cheng Zhang

Multi-hop QA (Question Answering) is the task of finding the answer to a question across multiple documents. In recent years, a number of Deep Learning-based approaches have been proposed to tackle this complex task, as well as a few…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-30 Yunjie He , Philip John Gorinski , Ieva Staliunaite , Pontus Stenetorp

Follow-up question generation is an essential feature of dialogue systems as it can reduce conversational ambiguity and enhance modeling complex interactions. Conversational contexts often pose core NLP challenges such as (i) extracting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Joseph Gatto , Parker Seegmiller , Timothy Burdick , Inas S. Khayal , Sarah DeLozier , Sarah M. Preum

Multi-hop question answering (QA) requires a model to retrieve and integrate information from different parts of a long text to answer a question. Humans answer this kind of complex questions via a divide-and-conquer approach. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-28 Yixuan Tang , Hwee Tou Ng , Anthony K. H. Tung

This paper proposes a novel architecture to generate multi-hop answers to open domain questions that require information from texts and tables, using the Open Table-and-Text Question Answering dataset for validation and training. One of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Marcos M. José , Flávio N. Cação , Maria F. Ribeiro , Rafael M. Cheang , Paulo Pirozelli , Fabio G. Cozman

Multi-hop Reading Comprehension (RC) requires reasoning and aggregation across several paragraphs. We propose a system for multi-hop RC that decomposes a compositional question into simpler sub-questions that can be answered by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-02 Sewon Min , Victor Zhong , Luke Zettlemoyer , Hannaneh Hajishirzi

Multi-hop question answering (QA) requires systems to iteratively retrieve evidence and reason across multiple hops. While recent RAG and agentic methods report strong results, the underlying retrieval--reasoning \emph{process} is often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Yuelyu Ji , Zhuochun Li , Rui Meng , Daqing He

With the rise of large-scale language models (LLMs), it is currently popular and effective to convert multimodal information into text descriptions for multimodal multi-hop question answering. However, we argue that the current methods of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Qing Zhang , Haocheng Lv , Jie Liu , Zhiyun Chen , Jianyong Duan , Hao Wang , Li He , Mingying Xv

Most existing multi-hop datasets are extractive answer datasets, where the answers to the questions can be extracted directly from the provided context. This often leads models to use heuristics or shortcuts instead of performing true…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Julian Schnitzler , Xanh Ho , Jiahao Huang , Florian Boudin , Saku Sugawara , Akiko Aizawa

Multi-hop Question Generation is the task of generating questions which require the reader to reason over and combine information spread across multiple passages using several reasoning steps. Chain-of-thought rationale generation has been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-17 Saurabh Kulshreshtha , Anna Rumshisky

Neural network-based methods represent the state-of-the-art in question generation from text. Existing work focuses on generating only questions from text without concerning itself with answer generation. Moreover, our analysis shows that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-03-13 Vishwajeet Kumar , Kireeti Boorla , Yogesh Meena , Ganesh Ramakrishnan , Yuan-Fang Li

Retrieving information from correlative paragraphs or documents to answer open-domain multi-hop questions is very challenging. To deal with this challenge, most of the existing works consider paragraphs as nodes in a graph and propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Nan Shao , Yiming Cui , Ting Liu , Shijin Wang , Guoping Hu

Answering questions that require multi-hop reasoning at web-scale necessitates retrieving multiple evidence documents, one of which often has little lexical or semantic relationship to the question. This paper introduces a new graph-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-17 Akari Asai , Kazuma Hashimoto , Hannaneh Hajishirzi , Richard Socher , Caiming Xiong

Multi-hop reading comprehension (RC) questions are challenging because they require reading and reasoning over multiple paragraphs. We argue that it can be difficult to construct large multi-hop RC datasets. For example, even highly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-10 Sewon Min , Eric Wallace , Sameer Singh , Matt Gardner , Hannaneh Hajishirzi , Luke Zettlemoyer

Existing approaches for open-domain question answering (QA) are typically designed for questions that require either single-hop or multi-hop reasoning, which make strong assumptions of the complexity of questions to be answered. Also,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Ping Nie , Yuyu Zhang , Arun Ramamurthy , Le Song