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A solution to the inversion problem of scattering would offer aberration-free diffraction-limited 3D images without the resolution and depth-of-field limitations of lens-based tomographic systems. Powerful algorithms are increasingly being…

Predicting measurement outcomes from an underlying structure often follows directly from fundamental physical principles. However, a fundamental challenge is posed when trying to solve the inverse problem of inferring the underlying…

Dispersive shock waves are fascinating phenomena occurring when nonlinearity overwhelms linear effects, such as dispersion and diffraction. Many features of shock waves are still under investigation, as the interplay with noninstantaneity…

X-ray near-field speckle-based phase-sensing approaches provide efficient means to characterise optical elements. Here, we present a theoretical review of several of these speckle methods in the frame of optical characterisation and provide…

Multiple reflection of X-rays may be important when an accretion disc and its hot corona have a complicated geometry, or if returning radiation due to gravitational light bending is important, or in emission from a funnel such as proposed…

High-energy X-ray diffraction methods can non-destructively map the 3D microstructure and associated attributes of metallic polycrystalline engineering materials in their bulk form. These methods are often combined with external stimuli…

The Sudden Approximation is applied to invert structural data on randomly corrugated surfaces from inert atom scattering intensities. Several expressions relating experimental observables to surface statistical features are derived. The…

We study varieties defined over nonstandard fields using techniques of nonstandard mathematics.

X-ray and neutron diffraction are foundational tools for determining crystal structures, but their resolution limits can lead to misassignments, especially in materials with subtle distortions or competing phases. Here, we demonstrate the…

We present models for reprocessing of an intense flux of X-rays and gamma rays expected in the vicinity of gamma ray burst sources. We consider the transfer and reprocessing of the energetic photons into observable features in the X-ray…

Grating spectra exhibit sharp variations of the scattered light, known as grating anomalies. The latter are due to resonances that have fascinated specialists of optics and physics for decades and are nowadays used in many applications. We…

We study the problem of proper discretizing and sampling issues related to geodesic X-ray transforms on simple surfaces, and illustrate the theory on simple geodesic disks of constant curvature. Given a notion of band limit on a function,…

X-ray diffraction was demonstrated from shock-compressed polycrystalline metal on nanosecond time scales. Laser ablation was used to induce shock waves in polycrystalline foils of Be, 25 to 125 microns thick. A second laser pulse was used…

Numerical simulations of the interiors of radiation dominated accretion disks show that significant density inhomogeneities can be generated in the gas. Here, we present the first results of our study on X-ray reflection spectra from such…

The inverse problem of general rough sets, considered by the present author in some of her earlier papers, in one of its manifestations is essentially the question of when an agent's view about crisp and non crisp objects over a set of…

Shape is an important physical property of natural and manmade 3D objects that characterizes their external appearances. Understanding differences between shapes and modeling the variability within and across shape classes, hereinafter…

Randomly textured polycrystalline materials of constituents with highly anisotropic nature of grains can be considered globally isotropic. In order to determine the isotropic properties, like elasticity or conductivity, we propose a theory…

Reciprocal and nonreciprocal effects in dielectric and magnetic materials provide crucial information about the microscopic properties of electrons. However, experimentally distinguishing the two has proven to be challenging, especially…

We consider fractures in a stratified composite material with solid layers separated by thin slices of extremely soft matter. Viscoelastic effects associated with the soft layers are taken into account via the simplest model for weakly…

Characterized by the absence of inversion symmetry, non-centrosymmetric materials are of great interest because they exhibit ferroelectricity, second harmonic generation, emergent Weyl fermions, and other fascinating phenomena. It is…