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For years, the open-source RISC-V instruction set has been driving innovation in processor design, spanning from high-end cores to low-cost or low-power cores. After a decade of evolution, RISC architectures are now as mature as the CISC…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Juliette Pottier , Thomas Nieddu , Bertrand Le Gal , Sébastien Pillement , Maria Méndez Real

RISC-V is a RISC based open and loyalty free instruction set architecture which has been developed since 2010, and can be used for cost-effective soft processors on FPGAs. The basic 32-bit integer instruction set in RISC-V is defined as…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-12-30 Hiromu Miyazaki , Takuto Kanamori , Md Ashraful Islam , Kenji Kise

This article describes the first public implementation and evaluation of the latest version of the RISC-V hypervisor extension (H-extension v0.6.1) specification in a Rocket chip core. To perform a meaningful evaluation for modern…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Bruno Sá , José Martins , Sandro Pinto

We present a roadmap for open-source chiplet-based RISC-V systems targeting high-performance computing and artificial intelligence, aiming to close the performance gap to proprietary designs. Starting with Occamy, the first open,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Paul Scheffler , Thomas Benz , Tim Fischer , Lorenzo Leone , Sina Arjmandpour , Luca Benini

The recent exponential growth of Large Language Models (LLMs) has relied on GPU-based systems. However, CPUs are emerging as a flexible and lower-cost alternative, especially when targeting inference and reasoning workloads. RISC-V is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Javier J. Poveda Rodrigo , Mohamed Amine Ahmdi , Alessio Burrello , Daniele Jahier Pagliari , Luca Benini

Graphics processing units (GPUs) excel at parallel processing, but remain largely unexplored in ultra-low-power edge devices (TinyAI) due to their power and area limitations, as well as the lack of suitable programming frameworks. To…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Simone Machetti , Pasquale Davide Schiavone , Lara Orlandic , Darong Huang , Deniz Kasap , Giovanni Ansaloni , David Atienza

Modern high-end systems are increasingly becoming heterogeneous, providing users options to use general purpose Graphics Processing Units (GPU) and other accelerators for additional performance. High Performance Computing (HPC) and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Alex Brooks , Philip Marshall , David Ozog , Md. Wasi-ur- Rahman , Lawrence Stewart , Rithwik Tom

The last few years have seen the emergence of IoT processors: ultra-low power systems-on-chips (SoCs) combining lightweight and flexible micro-controller units (MCUs), often based on open-ISA RISC-V cores, with application-specific…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-21 Nazareno Bruschi , Germain Haugou , Giuseppe Tagliavini , Francesco Conti , Luca Benini , Davide Rossi

This paper presents an automated approach for designing processors that support a subset of the RISC-V instruction set architecture (ISA) for a new class of applications at Extreme Edge. The electronics used in extreme edge applications…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Alireza Raisiardali , Konstantinos Iordanou , Jedrzej Kufel , Kowshik Gudimetla , Kris Myny , Emre Ozer

In this paper, we evaluate the portability of the SYCL programming model on some of the latest CPUs and GPUs from a wide range of vendors, utilizing the two main compilers: DPC++ and hipSYCL/OpenSYCL. Both compilers currently support GPUs…

Performance · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Istvan Z Reguly

The rapid progress and advancement in electronic chips technology provide a variety of new implementation options for system engineers. The choice varies between the flexible programs running on a general-purpose processor (GPP) and the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2019-04-11 Issam Damaj

For many years, systems running Nvidia-based GPU architectures have dominated the heterogeneous supercomputer landscape. However, recently GPU chipsets manufactured by Intel and AMD have cut into this market and can now be found in some of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-18 L. Apanasevich , Yogesh Kale , Himanshu Sharma , Ana Marija Sokovic

Computational platforms for high-performance scientific applications are becoming more heterogenous, including hardware accelerators such as multiple GPUs. Applications in a wide variety of scientific fields require an efficient and careful…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Rocío Carratalá-Sáez , Francisco J. andújar , Yuri Torres , Arturo Gonzalez-Escribano , Diego R. Llanos

As part of the Vitamin-V European project, we have built a prototype of a RISC-V cluster managed by OpenStack, with the goal of realizing a functional RISC-V cloud ecosystem. In this poster we explain the hardware and software challenges…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Aaron Call , Ramon Nou , Guillem Senabre

Internet-of-Things end-nodes demand low power processing platforms characterized by heterogeneous dedicated units, controlled by a processor core running concurrent control threads. Such architecture scheme fits one of the main target…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-07-20 Abdallah Cheikh , Gianmarco Cerutti , Antonio Mastrandrea , Francesco Menichelli , Mauro Olivieri

The development of an open and free RISC-V architecture is of great interest for a wide range of areas, including high-performance computing and numerical simulation in mathematics, physics, chemistry and other problem domains. In this…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-21 V. D. Volokitin , E. P. Vasiliev , E. A. Kozinov , V. D. Kustikova , A. V. Liniov , Y. A. Rodimkov , A. V. Sysoyev , I. B. Meyerov

The performance of discrete general purpose graphics processing units (GPGPUs) has been improving at a rapid pace. The PCIe interconnect that controls the communication of data between the system host memory and the GPU has not improved as…

Computational Physics · Physics 2019-05-15 Connor Kenyon , Glenn Volkema , Gaurav Khanna

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the RISC-V instruction set architecture, focusing on its modular design, implementation challenges, and performance characteristics. We examine the RV32I base instruction set with extensions…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Priyanshu Yadav

When considering different hardware platforms, not just the time-to-solution can be of importance but also the energy necessary to reach it. This is not only the case with battery powered and mobile devices but also with high-performance…

Performance · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Philip Heinisch , Katharina Ostaszewski , Hendrik Ranocha

The pace of RISC-V adoption continues to grow rapidly, yet for the successes enjoyed in areas such as embedded computing, RISC-V is yet to gain ubiquity in High Performance Computing (HPC). The Sophon SG2044 is SOPHGO's next generation…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Nick Brown