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RISC-V ISA-based processors have recently emerged as both powerful and energy-efficient computing platforms. The release of the MILK-V Pioneer marked a significant milestone as the first desktop-grade RISC-V system. With increasing…

This paper presents a novel, non-standard set of vector instruction types for exploring custom SIMD instructions in a softcore. The new types allow simultaneous access to a relatively high number of operands, reducing the instruction count…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Philippos Papaphilippou , Paul H. J. Kelly , Wayne Luk

RISC-V allows for building general-purpose computing platforms with programmable accelerators around a single open-source ISA. However, leveraging heterogeneous SoCs within high-level applications is a tedious task. In this preliminary…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Cyril Koenig , Enrico Zelioli , Frank K. Gürkaynak , Luca Benini

The open-source RISC-V ISA is gaining traction, both in industry and academia. The ISA is designed to scale from micro-controllers to server-class processors. Furthermore, openness promotes the availability of various open-source and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2019-11-26 Florian Zaruba , Luca Benini

Modern computer systems typically conbine multicore CPUs with accelerators like GPUs for inproved performance and energy efficiency. However, these sys- tems suffer from poor performance portability, code tuned for one device must be…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2016-05-23 Thomas L. Falch , Anne C. Elster

Modern high-performance computing architectures (Multicore, GPU, Manycore) are based on tightly-coupled clusters of processing elements, physically implemented as rectangular tiles. Their size and aspect ratio strongly impact the achievable…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-09-05 Gianna Paulin , Matheus Cavalcante , Paul Scheffler , Luca Bertaccini , Yichao Zhang , Frank Gürkaynak , Luca Benini

While Transformers are dominated by Floating-Point (FP) Matrix-Multiplications, their aggressive acceleration through dedicated hardware or many-core programmable systems has shifted the performance bottleneck to non-linear functions like…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Run Wang , Gamze Islamoglu , Andrea Belano , Viviane Potocnik , Francesco Conti , Angelo Garofalo , Luca Benini

The widespread diffusion of compute-intensive edge-AI workloads and the stringent demands of modern autonomous systems require advanced heterogeneous embedded architectures. Such architectures must support high-performance and reliable…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Enrico Zelioli , Alessandro Ottaviano , Robert Balas , Nils Wistoff , Angelo Garofalo , Luca Benini

By exploiting the modular RISC-V ISA this paper presents the customization of instruction set with posit\textsuperscript{\texttrademark} arithmetic instructions to provide improved numerical accuracy, well-defined behavior and increased…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Federico Rossi , Francesco Urbani , Marco Cococcioni , Emanuele Ruffaldi , Sergio Saponara

RISC-V is an open and royalty free instruction set architecture which has been developed at the University of California, Berkeley. The processors using RISC-V can be designed and released freely. Because of this, various processor cores…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-03-30 Junya Miura , Hiromu Miyazaki , Kenji Kise

The RISC-V Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) has enjoyed phenomenal growth in recent years, however it still to gain popularity in HPC. Whilst adopting RISC-V CPU solutions in HPC might be some way off, RISC-V based PCIe accelerators offer…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Nick Brown , Ryan Barton

The complexity of automotive systems is increasing quickly due to the integration of novel functionalities such as assisted or autonomous driving. However, increasing complexity poses considerable challenges to the automotive supply chain…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Luca Cuomo , Claudio Scordino , Alessandro Ottaviano , Nils Wistoff , Robert Balas , Luca Benini , Errico Guidieri , Ida Maria Savino

Speculative attacks are still an active threat today that, even if initially focused on the x86 platform, reach across all modern hardware architectures. RISC-V is a newly proposed open instruction set architecture that has seen traction…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Ruxandra Bălucea , Paul Irofti

GPUs are now used for a wide range of problems within HPC. However, making efficient use of the computational power available with multiple GPUs is challenging. The main challenges in achieving good performance are memory layout, affecting…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Robert Clucas , Philip Blakely , Nikolaos Nikiforakis

RISC-V cores have gained a lot of popularity over the last few years. However, being quite a recent and novel technology, there is still a gap in the availability of comprehensive simulation frameworks for RISC-V that cover both the…

The burgeoning RISC-V ecosystem necessitates efficient verification methodologies for complex processors. Traditional approaches often struggle to concurrently evaluate functional correctness and performance, or balance simulation speed…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Ruizhi Qiu , Yang Liu

Processor design and verification require a synergistic approach that combines instruction-level functional simulations with precise hardware emulations. The trade-off between speed and accuracy in the instruction set simulation poses a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Kun Qin , Xiaorang Guo , Martin Schulz , Carsten Trinitis

The emergence of a new, open, and free instruction set architecture, RISC-V, has heralded a new era in microprocessor architectures. Starting with low-power, low-performance prototypes, the RISC-V community has a good chance of moving…

Performance · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Valentin Volokitin , Evgeny Kozinov , Valentina Kustikova , Alexey Liniov , Iosif Meyerov

Whilst RISC-V has grown phenomenally quickly in embedded computing, it is yet to gain significant traction in High Performance Computing (HPC). However, as we move further into the exascale era, the flexibility offered by RISC-V has the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Nick Brown , Maurice Jamieson

The demand for energy-efficient and high performance embedded systems drives the evolution of new hardware architectures, including concepts like approximate computing. This paper presents a novel reconfigurable embedded platform named…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Arvin Delavari , Faraz Ghoreishy , Hadi Shahriar Shahhoseini , Sattar Mirzakuchaki