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There is a big gap between theory and practice in quantum key distribution (QKD) because real devices do not satisfy the assumptions required by the security proofs. Here, we close this gap by introducing a simple and practical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-31 Álvaro Navarrete , Margarida Pereira , Marcos Curty , Kiyoshi Tamaki

Standard quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols typically assume that the distant parties share a common reference frame. In practice, however, establishing and maintaining a good alignment between distant observers is rarely a trivial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-04-04 Joshua A. Slater , Cyril Branciard , Nicolas Brunner , Wolfgang Tittel

We analyze the security and feasibility of a protocol for Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), in a context where only one of the two parties trusts his measurement apparatus. This scenario lies naturally between standard QKD, where both parties…

In principle, quantum key distribution (QKD) offers information-theoretic security based on the laws of physics. In practice, however, the imperfections of realistic devices might introduce deviations from the idealized models used in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-01 Feihu Xu , Xiongfeng Ma , Qiang Zhang , Hoi-Kwong Lo , Jian-Wei Pan

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) offers theoretically unbreakable security by leveraging quantum mechanics. However, practical implementation is challenged by environmental vulnerabilities, noise, and hardware imperfections. Recently, Machine…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-10 Ali Al-Kuwari , Safaa Alqrinawi , Lujayn Al-Amir , Amina Mollazehi , Saif Al-Kuwari

All the currently available unconditional security proofs on quantum key distribution, in particular for the BB84 protocol and its variants including continuous-variable ones, are invalid or incomplete at many points. In this paper we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-10-23 Horace P. Yuen

We analyze the fundamental security significance of the quantitative criteria on the final generated key K in quantum key generation including the quantum criterion d, the attacker's mutual information on K, and the statistical distance…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-12-08 Horace Yuen

We here present the rate analysis and a proof of principle realization of a device-independent quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol requiring the lowest detection efficiency necessary to achieve a secure key compared to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-09-08 Giuseppe Vallone , Alberto Dall'Arche , Marco Tomasin , Paolo Villoresi

Bell's theorem sets a boundary between the classical and quantum realms, by providing a strict proof of the existence of entangled quantum states with no classical counterpart. An experimental violation of Bell's inequality demands…

The goal of quantum key distribution (QKD) is to establish a secure key between two parties connected by an insecure quantum channel. To use a QKD protocol in practice, one has to prove that a finite size key is secure against general…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-21 Tony Metger , Renato Renner

We show how weak non-linearities can be used in a device-independent quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol using generalized two-mode Schr\"odinger cat states. The QKD protocol is therefore shown to be secure against collective attacks…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-08-12 Curtis J. Broadbent , Kevin Marshall , Christian Weedbrook , John C. Howell

The coherent one-way (COW) quantum key distribution (QKD) is a highly practical quantum communication protocol that is currently deployed in off-the-shelves products. However, despite its simplicity and widespread use, the security of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-26 Emilien Lavie , Charles C. -W. Lim

Quantum Key Distribution or QKD provides symmetric key distribution using the quantum mechanics/channels with new security properties. The security of QKD relies on the difficulty of the quantum state discrimination problem. We discover…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-23 Yaroslav Balytskyi , Manohar Raavi , Anatoliy Pinchuk , Sang-Yoon Chang

The Bennett-Brassard 1984 (BB84) protocol is the most widely implemented quantum key distribution (QKD) scheme. However, despite enormous theoretical and experimental efforts in the past decades, the security of this protocol with imperfect…

We show that non-maximally entangled states can be used to build a quantum key distribution (QKD) scheme whose security and key rate transmission is nearly equivalent to those of standard QKD protocols. These aspects can be controlled by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-19 Goren Gordon , Gustavo Rigolin

A precise security analysis of practical quantum key distribution (QKD) systems is an important step for improving their performance. Here we consider a class of quantum soft filtering operations, which generalizes the unambiguous state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-25 D. A. Kronberg , A. S. Nikolaeva , Y. V. Kurochkin , A. K. Fedorov

Quantum key distribution (QKD) which enables information-theoretically security is now heading towards quantum secure networks. It requires high-performance and cost-effective protocols while increasing the number of users. Unfortunately,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-07 Yiming Bian , Yi-Chen Zhang , Chao Zhou , Song Yu , Zhengyu Li , Hong Guo

Quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols are proven secure based on fundamental physical laws, however, the proofs consider a well-defined setting and encoding of the sent quantum signals only. Side channels, where the encoded quantum state…

Satellite-based quantum communication for secure key distribution is becoming a more demanding field of research due to its unbreakable security. Prepare and measure protocols such as BB84 consider the satellite as a trusted device, fraught…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) permits information-theoretically secure transmission of digital encryption keys, assuming that the behaviour of the devices employed for the key exchange can be reliably modelled and predicted. Remarkably, no…