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The mathematical model representing the equation of motion of a pendulum is nonlinear. Solutions that satisfy the equation cannot be represented by elementary functions, such as trigonometric functions. To solve such problems, it is common…

Classical Physics · Physics 2019-02-19 Kazunori Shinohara

The normal form and zero dynamics are powerful tools useful in analysis and control of both linear and nonlinear systems. There are no simple closed form solutions to the general zero dynamics problem for nonlinear systems. A few algorithms…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-12-06 Siamak Tafazoli

This study shows that typical pendulum dynamics is far from the simple equation of motion presented in textbooks. A reasonably complete damping model must use nonlinear terms in addition to the common linear viscous expression. In some…

Classical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Randall D. Peters

We investigate the nonlinear effect of a pendulum with the upper end fixed to an elastic rod which is only allowed to vibrate horizontally. The pendulum will start rotating and trace a delicate stationary pattern when released without…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2020-07-01 J. Qiuhan , L. Yao , Z. Huijun , W. Yinlong , W. Jianguo , W. Sihui

We provide an exact infinite power series solution that describes the trajectory of a nonlinear simple pendulum undergoing librating and rotating motion for all time. Although the series coefficients were previously given in [V. Fair\'en,…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2021-08-25 W. Cade Reinberger , Morgan S. Holland , Nathaniel S. Barlow , Steven J. Weinstein

In this work we solve the nonlinear second order differential equation of the simple pendulum with a general initial angular displacement ($\theta(0)=\theta_0$) and velocity ($\dot{\theta}(0)=\phi_0$), obtaining a closed-form solution in…

Classical Physics · Physics 2010-07-26 J. P. Juchem Neto

The study gives a brief overview of existing modifications of the method of functional separation of variables for nonlinear PDEs. It proposes a more general approach to the construction of exact solutions to nonlinear equations of applied…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2020-01-07 Andrei D. Polyanin

Although being powerful, the differential transform method yet suffers from a drawback which is how to compute the differential transform of nonlinear non-autonomous functions that can limit its applicability. In order to overcome this…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2016-12-28 Essam. R. El-Zahar , Abdelhalim Ebaid

The motion of a simple pendulum in a uniform gravitational field can be described by the solution of a second-order differential equation, nonlinear differential equation. In practice we solve this equation using the small angle…

Classical Physics · Physics 2026-05-26 Adel H. Alameh

A general formalism to solve nonlinear differential equations is given. Solutions are found and reduced to those of second order nonlinear differential equations in one variable. The approach is uniformized in the geometry and solves…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Gordon Chalmers

We introduce a two-dimensional discrete-time dynamical system which represents the evolution of an angle and angular velocity. While the angle evolves by a fixed amount in every step, the evolution of the angular velocity is governed by a…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-12-20 Aakash Khandelwal , Ranjan Mukherjee

We derive an exact solution for a simple non-autonomous delay differential equation (DDE) over the entire real-time axis, representing it as a sum of Gaussian-shaped dynamics with distinct peak positions. This marks the first explicit…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-02-20 Kenta Ohira

A 3D pendulum consists of a rigid body, supported at a fixed pivot, with three rotational degrees of freedom. The pendulum is acted on by a gravitational force. Symmetry assumptions are shown to lead to the planar 1D pendulum and to the…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2007-07-10 Nalin A. Chaturvedi , Taeyoung Lee , Melvin Leok , N. Harris McClamroch

New problem is considered that is to find nonlinear differential equations with special solutions. Method is presented to construct nonlinear ordinary differential equations with exact solution. Crucial step to the method is the assumption…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2007-05-23 N. A. Kudryashov

A modified method of functional constraints is used to construct the exact solutions of nonlinear equations of reaction-diffusion type with delay and which are associated with variable coefficients. This study considers a most generalized…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2021-10-26 M. O. Aibinu , S. C. Thakur , S. Moyo

Often a non-linear mechanical problem is formulated as a non-linear differential equation. A new method is introduced to find out new solutions of non-linear differential equations if one of the solutions of a given non-linear differential…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2007-05-23 C. Radhakrishnan Nair

This paper proposes an optimal control problem for a parabolic equation with a nonlocal nonlinearity. The system is described by a parabolic equation involving a nonlinear term that depends on the solution and its integral over the domain.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-20 Cyrille Kenne , Landry Djomegne , Gisèle Mophou

Exact analytical, closed-form solutions, expressed in terms of special functions, are presented for the case of a three-dimensional nonlinear quantum oscillator with a position dependent mass. This system is the generalization of the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-06-15 Axel Schulze-Halberg , John R. Morris

Pendulum-like dynamics is a universal motif across many areas of physics, underlying systems ranging from classical nonlinear oscillators to superconducting qubits and cold-atom tunneling platforms. Here we present an exact frequency-domain…

Classical Physics · Physics 2026-03-12 Teepanis Chachiyo

Exact solutions of a classical problem of a plane unsteady potential flow of an ideal incompressible fluid with a free boundary are presented. The fluid occupies a semi-infinite strip bounded by the free surface (from above) and (from the…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2021-08-13 Evgenii A. Karabut , Elena N. Zhuravleva , Nikolay M. Zubarev , Olga V. Zubareva
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