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Transformers have recently emerged as a powerful tool for learning visual representations. In this paper, we identify and characterize artifacts in feature maps of both supervised and self-supervised ViT networks. The artifacts correspond…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-15 Timothée Darcet , Maxime Oquab , Julien Mairal , Piotr Bojanowski

The goal of Scene-level Sketch-Based Image Retrieval is to retrieve natural images matching the overall semantics and spatial layout of a free-hand sketch. Unlike prior work focused on architectural augmentations of retrieval models, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Emil Demić , Luka Čehovin Zajc

Freehand sketching is an inherently sequential process. Yet, most approaches for hand-drawn sketch recognition either ignore this sequential aspect or exploit it in an ad-hoc manner. In our work, we propose a recurrent neural network…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-08-12 Ravi Kiran Sarvadevabhatla , Jogendra Kundu , Babu R. Venkatesh

Neural painting refers to the procedure of producing a series of strokes for a given image and non-photo-realistically recreating it using neural networks. While reinforcement learning (RL) based agents can generate a stroke sequence step…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-12 Songhua Liu , Tianwei Lin , Dongliang He , Fu Li , Ruifeng Deng , Xin Li , Errui Ding , Hao Wang

User Interface (UI) prototyping is a necessary step in the early stages of application development. Transforming sketches of a Graphical User Interface (UI) into a coded UI application is an uninspired but time-consuming task performed by a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-10-22 Vanita Jain , Piyush Agrawal , Subham Banga , Rishabh Kapoor , Shashwat Gulyani

Astounding results from Transformer models on natural language tasks have intrigued the vision community to study their application to computer vision problems. Among their salient benefits, Transformers enable modeling long dependencies…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-20 Salman Khan , Muzammal Naseer , Munawar Hayat , Syed Waqas Zamir , Fahad Shahbaz Khan , Mubarak Shah

Creative sketch is a universal way of visual expression, but translating images from an abstract sketch is very challenging. Traditionally, creating a deep learning model for sketch-to-image synthesis needs to overcome the distorted input…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Qiang Wang , Di Kong , Fengyin Lin , Yonggang Qi

We introduce Spline-based Transformers, a novel class of Transformer models that eliminate the need for positional encoding. Inspired by workflows using splines in computer animation, our Spline-based Transformers embed an input sequence of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Prashanth Chandran , Agon Serifi , Markus Gross , Moritz Bächer

We establish connections between the Transformer architecture, originally introduced for natural language processing, and Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) for representation learning on graphs. We show how Transformers can be viewed as message…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Chaitanya K. Joshi

We introduce a novel sketch-to-image tool that aligns with the iterative refinement process of artists. Our tool lets users sketch blocking strokes to coarsely represent the placement and form of objects and detail strokes to refine their…

Graphics · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Vishnu Sarukkai , Lu Yuan , Mia Tang , Maneesh Agrawala , Kayvon Fatahalian

Recent deep image-to-image translation techniques allow fast generation of face images from freehand sketches. However, existing solutions tend to overfit to sketches, thus requiring professional sketches or even edge maps as input. To…

Graphics · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Shu-Yu Chen , Wanchao Su , Lin Gao , Shihong Xia , Hongbo Fu

The Transformer architecture is shown to provide a powerful framework as an end-to-end model for building expression trees from online handwritten gestures corresponding to glyph strokes. In particular, the attention mechanism was…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-07 Mirco Ramo , Guénolé C. M. Silvestre

One tough problem of image inpainting is to restore complex structures in the corrupted regions. It motivates interactive image inpainting which leverages additional hints, e.g., sketches, to assist the inpainting process. Sketch is simple…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Chang Liu , Shunxin Xu , Jialun Peng , Kaidong Zhang , Dong Liu

Learning vector representations for programs is a critical step in applying deep learning techniques for program understanding tasks. Various neural network models are proposed to learn from tree-structured program representations, e.g.,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Wenhan Wang , Kechi Zhang , Ge Li , Shangqing Liu , Anran Li , Zhi Jin , Yang Liu

Hand-drawn objects usually consist of multiple semantically meaningful parts. For example, a stick figure consists of a head, a torso, and pairs of legs and arms. Efficient and accurate identification of these subparts promises to…

Graphics · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Kurmanbek Kaiyrbekov , Metin Sezgin

We present a sketch-based CAD modeling system, where users create objects incrementally by sketching the desired shape edits, which our system automatically translates to CAD operations. Our approach is motivated by the close similarities…

Graphics · Computer Science 2020-09-11 Changjian Li , Hao Pan , Adrien Bousseau , Niloy J. Mitra

Sketch-based modeling strives to bring the ease and immediacy of drawing to the 3D world. However, while drawings are easy for humans to create, they are very challenging for computers to interpret due to their sparsity and ambiguity. We…

Graphics · Computer Science 2018-06-20 Johanna Delanoy , Mathieu Aubry , Phillip Isola , Alexei A. Efros , Adrien Bousseau

Sketch drawings capture the salient information of visual concepts. Previous work has shown that neural networks are capable of producing sketches of natural objects drawn from a small number of classes. While earlier approaches focus on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-24 Alexander Wang , Mengye Ren , Richard S. Zemel

Many machine learning tasks such as multiple instance learning, 3D shape recognition, and few-shot image classification are defined on sets of instances. Since solutions to such problems do not depend on the order of elements of the set,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-28 Juho Lee , Yoonho Lee , Jungtaek Kim , Adam R. Kosiorek , Seungjin Choi , Yee Whye Teh

Many real-world problems can be naturally described by mathematical formulas. The task of finding formulas from a set of observed inputs and outputs is called symbolic regression. Recently, neural networks have been applied to symbolic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-24 Martin Vastl , Jonáš Kulhánek , Jiří Kubalík , Erik Derner , Robert Babuška