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The inherent dynamics of the neuron membrane potential in Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) allows processing of sequential learning tasks, avoiding the complexity of recurrent neural networks. The highly-sparse spike-based computations in…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-07-09 Amogh Agrawal , Mustafa Ali , Minsuk Koo , Nitin Rathi , Akhilesh Jaiswal , Kaushik Roy

As is widely known, the computational speed and power consumption are two critical parameters in microprocessor design. A solution for these issues is the application specific instruction set processor (ASIP) methodology, which can improve…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Noushin Behboudi , Mehdi Kamal , Ali Afzali-Kusha

In this paper, we propose a mixed-precision convolution unit architecture which supports different integer and floating point (FP) precisions. The proposed architecture is based on low-bit inner product units and realizes higher precision…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-01-29 Hamzah Abdel-Aziz , Ali Shafiee , Jong Hoon Shin , Ardavan Pedram , Joseph H. Hassoun

While embedded FPGAs are attractive platforms for DNN acceleration on edge-devices due to their low latency and high energy efficiency, the scarcity of resources of edge-scale FPGA devices also makes it challenging for DNN deployment. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-10 Cong Hao , Xiaofan Zhang , Yuhong Li , Sitao Huang , Jinjun Xiong , Kyle Rupnow , Wen-mei Hwu , Deming Chen

Stochastic computing (SC) has emerged as an efficient low-power alternative for deploying neural networks (NNs) in resource-limited scenarios, such as the Internet of Things (IoT). By encoding values as serial bitstreams, SC significantly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Ziheng Wang , Pedro Reviriego , Farzad Niknia , Zhen Gao , Javier Conde , Shanshan Liu , Fabrizio Lombardi

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have the potential to drastically reduce the energy requirements of AI systems. However, mainstream accelerators like GPUs and TPUs are designed for the high arithmetic intensity of standard ANNs so are not…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Zainab Aizaz , James C. Knight , Thomas Nowotny

Recently there has been increasing activity to build dedicated Ising Machines to accelerate the solution of combinatorial optimization problems by expressing these problems as a ground-state search of the Ising model. A common theme of such…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2021-06-21 Orchi Hassan , Supriyo Datta , Kerem Y. Camsari

Physics-inspired computing paradigms, such as Ising machines, are emerging as promising hardware alternatives to traditional von Neumann architectures for tackling computationally intensive combinatorial optimization problems (COPs). While…

Applied Physics · Physics 2026-03-17 Sai Li , Yihao Zhang , Albert Lee , Zheng Zhu , Lang Zeng , Peng Wang , Lei Gao , Di Wu , Weisheng Zhao

The bio-inspired integrate-fire-reset mechanism of spiking neurons constitutes the foundation for efficient processing in Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs). Recent progress in large models demands that spiking neurons support highly parallel…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yanbin Huang , Man Yao , Yuqi Pan , Changze Lv , Siyuan Xu , Xiaoqing Zheng , Bo Xu , Guoqi Li

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) recently gained momentum due to their low-power multiplication-free computing and the closer resemblance of biological processes in the nervous system of humans. However, SNNs require very long spike trains…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Daniel Gerlinghoff , Zhehui Wang , Xiaozhe Gu , Rick Siow Mong Goh , Tao Luo

Energy-harvesting technology provides a promising platform for future IoT applications. However, since communication is very expensive in these devices, applications will require inference "beyond the edge" to avoid wasting precious energy…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-02-04 Graham Gobieski , Nathan Beckmann , Brandon Lucia

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have emerged as an attractive spatio-temporal computing paradigm for complex vision tasks. However, most existing works yield models that require many time steps and do not leverage the inherent temporal…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Gourav Datta , Haoqin Deng , Robert Aviles , Peter A. Beerel

NVIDIA Tensor Core is a mixed-precision matrix-matrix multiplication and addition computing unit, where the theoretical peak performance is more than 300 TFlop/s on NVIDIA A100 GPU. NVIDIA provides WMMA API for using Tensor Cores in custom…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Hiroyuki Ootomo , Rio Yokota

Machine learning applications that are implemented with spike-based computation model, e.g., Spiking Neural Network (SNN), have a great potential to lower the energy consumption when they are executed on a neuromorphic hardware. However,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-05-13 Shihao Song , Adarsha Balaji , Anup Das , Nagarajan Kandasamy , James Shackleford

Low bit-width Quantized Neural Networks (QNNs) enable deployment of complex machine learning models on constrained devices such as microcontrollers (MCUs) by reducing their memory footprint. Fine-grained asymmetric quantization (i.e.,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-10-09 Gianmarco Ottavi , Angelo Garofalo , Giuseppe Tagliavini , Francesco Conti , Luca Benini , Davide Rossi

This paper presents a spiking neural network (SNN) accelerator made using fully open-source EDA tools, process design kit (PDK), and memory macros synthesized using OpenRAM. The chip is taped out in the 130 nm SkyWater process and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-02-03 Farhad Modaresi , Matthew Guthaus , Jason K. Eshraghian

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) represent the latest generation of neural computation, offering a brain-inspired alternative to conventional Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). Unlike ANNs, which depend on continuous-valued signals, SNNs…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Sales G. Aribe

To index the increasing volume of data, modern data indexes are typically stored on SSDs and cached in DRAM. However, searching such an index has resulted in significant I/O traffic due to limited access locality and inefficient cache…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Yun-Chih Chen , Yuan-Hao Chang , Tei-Wei Kuo

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) offer high energy efficiency and event-driven computation, ideal for low-power edge AI. Their hardware implementation on FPGAs, however, faces challenges due to heavy computation, large memory use, and limited…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Mohammad Javad Sekonji , Ali Mahani , Maryam Mirsadeghi , Mahdi Taheri

Pinching antenna systems (PASSs) can dynamically adapt their transmit and receive arrays for sensing and communication in wireless systems. This work explores the potential of PASSs for integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) by…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Saba Asaad , Chongjun Ouyang , Zhiguo Ding , Ali Bereyhi