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In ultra-pure materials electrons may exhibit a collective motion similar to the hydrodynamic flow of a viscous fluid, the phenomenon with far reaching consequences in a wide range of many body systems from black holes to high-temperature…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2020-06-01 Sven Danz , Boris N. Narozhny

Generic interacting many-body quantum systems are believed to behave as classical fluids on long time and length scales. Due to rapid progress in growing exceptionally pure crystals, we are now able to experimentally observe this collective…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2018-01-08 Andrew Lucas , Kin Chung Fong

In metallic samples of small enough size and sufficiently strong momentum-conserving scattering, the viscosity of the electron gas can become the dominant process governing transport. In this regime, momentum is a long-lived quantity whose…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2017-06-07 Thomas Scaffidi , Nabhanila Nandi , Burkhard Schmidt , Andrew P. Mackenzie , Joel E. Moore

When electrons flow as a viscous fluid in anisotropic metals, the reduced symmetry can lead to exotic viscosity tensors with many additional, nonstandard components. We present a viscometry technique that can, in principle, measure the…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2021-10-26 Caleb Q. Cook , Andrew Lucas

Electron hydrodynamics is an emerging framework that describes dynamics of interacting electron systems as conventional fluids. While evidence for hydrodynamic-like transport is reported in a variety of two-dimensional materials, precise…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-03-25 Yihang Zeng , Haoyu Guo , Olivia M. Ghosh , Kenji Watanabe , Takashi Taniguchi , Leonid S. Levitov , Cory R. Dean

Fluid dynamics is one of the cornerstones of modern physics and has recently found applications in the transport of electrons in solids. In most solids electron transport is dominated by extrinsic factors, such as sample geometry and…

Rejuvenation of hydrodynamic transport in solids provides a new window to study collective motion of electrons, where electrons behave like a viscous fluid akin to classical liquids. Experimental observations of such exotic states have not…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-13 Weiwei Chen , W. Zhu

In a fluid subject to a magnetic field the viscous stress tensor has a dissipationless antisymmetric component controlled by the so-called Hall viscosity. We here propose an all-electrical scheme that allows a determination of the Hall…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2017-11-06 Francesco M. D. Pellegrino , Iacopo Torre , Marco Polini

Viscous flow of interacting electrons in two dimensional materials features a bunch of exotic effects. A model resembling the Navier-Stokes equation for classical fluids accounts for them in the so called hydrodynamic regime. We performed a…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-07-01 Jorge Estrada-Álvarez , Francisco Domínguez-Adame , Elena Díaz

The hydrodynamic behavior of electron fluids in a certain range of temperatures and densities is well established in graphene and in 2D semiconductor heterostructures. The hydrodynamic regime is intrinsically based on electron-electron…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-12-12 Jack N. Engdahl , Aydin Cem Keser , Oleg P. Sushkov

We examine nonlinear transport in a viscous two-dimensional electron fluid within narrow GaAs channels. The differential magnetoresistance shows nonmonotonic behavior, a signature of electron pairing in the hydrodynamic regime. Theoretical…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-02-03 A. D. Levin , G. M. Gusev , A. K. Bakarov

We consider hydrodynamic electron transport in the Hall-bar geometry. The theory is developed for systems with non-Galilean-invariant electron liquids. We show that inhomogeneity of the electron density induced by long-range disorder and…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-04-27 Songci Li , A. V. Andreev , Alex Levchenko

In highly conductive metals with sufficiently strong momentum-conserving scattering, the electron momentum is regarded as a long-lived quantity, whose dynamics is described by an emergent hydrodynamic theory. In this paper, we develop an…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2020-07-29 Riki Toshio , Kazuaki Takasan , Norio Kawakami

The hydrodynamic flow of the chiral electron fluid in a Weyl semimetal slab of finite thickness is studied by using the consistent hydrodynamic theory. The latter includes viscous, anomalous, and vortical effects, as well as accounts for…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2018-05-23 E. V. Gorbar , V. A. Miransky , I. A. Shovkovy , P. O. Sukhachov

Vortices are the hallmarks of hydrodynamic flow. Recent studies indicate that strongly-interacting electrons in ultrapure conductors can display signatures of hydrodynamic behavior including negative nonlocal resistance, Poiseuille flow in…

In ultra-clean 2d materials electron viscosity is as important as Ohmic dissipation and electron transport exhibits hydrodynamic features. Using a simple framework of Brinkman equations we find that hydrodynamic electron flows exhibit a…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-01-27 Jarosław Pawłowski , Piotr Surówka , Konstantin Zarembo

In high-quality conductors, the hydrodynamic regime of electron transport has been recently realized. In this work we theoretically investigate magnetotransport of a viscous electron fluid in samples with electron-impermeable obstacles. We…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-08-01 P. S. Alekseev , A. P. Dmitriev

The pursuit for clearly identifiable signatures of viscous electron flow in the solid state systems has been a paramount task in the search of the hydrodynamic electron transport behavior. In this work, we investigate theoretically the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-06-14 Songci Li , Alex Levchenko

Graphene hosts a unique electron system in which electron-phonon scattering is extremely weak but electron-electron collisions are sufficiently frequent to provide local equilibrium above liquid nitrogen temperature. Under these conditions,…

We consider the hydrodynamic flow of an electron fluid in a channel formed in a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) with no-slip boundary conditions. To generate vorticity in the fluid the flow is influenced by an array of micromagnets on…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-05-06 Jack N. Engdahl , Aydın Cem Keser , Thomas Schmidt , Oleg P. Sushkov
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