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Neural networks are being increasingly used as heuristics for constraint satisfaction. These neural methods are often recurrent, learning to iteratively refine candidate assignments. In this work, we make explicit the connection between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yudong W. Xu , Wenhao Li , Scott Sanner , Elias B. Khalil

The Rank Pricing Problem (RPP) is a challenging bilevel optimization problem with binary variables whose objective is to determine the optimal pricing strategy for a set of products to maximize the total benefit, given that customer…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-02-27 Asunción Jiménez-Cordero , Salvador Pineda , Juan Miguel Morales

Column generation (CG) is a vital method to solve large-scale problems by dynamically generating variables. It has extensive applications in common combinatorial optimization, such as vehicle routing and scheduling problems, where each…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Kuan Xu , Li Shen , Lindong Liu

Learning-based methods have become increasingly popular for solving vehicle routing problems due to their near-optimal performance and fast inference speed. Among them, the combination of deep reinforcement learning and graph representation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Zhenwei Wang , Ruibin Bai , Fazlullah Khan , Ender Ozcan , Tiehua Zhang

We introduce the Vehicle Routing Problem with Resource-Constrained Pickup and Delivery (VRP-RPD), where vehicles transport finite identical resources to customer locations for autonomous processing before retrieval and redeployment. Unlike…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-27 Manbir Sodhi , Romesh Prasad , Harishjitu Saseendran

The vehicle routing problem is one of the most studied combinatorial optimization topics, due to its practical importance and methodological interest. Yet, despite extensive methodological progress, many recent studies are hampered by the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-12-05 Thibaut Vidal

The Fleet Size and Mix Vehicle Routing Problem (FSMVRP) is a prominent variant of the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP), extensively studied in operations research and computational science. FSMVRP requires simultaneous decisions on fleet…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Pengfu Wan , Jiawei Chen , Gangyan Xu

Optimizing delivery routes for last-mile logistics service is challenging and has attracted the attention of many researchers. These problems are usually modeled and solved as variants of vehicle routing problems (VRPs) with challenging…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-09 Qian Shao , Shih-Fen Cheng

This paper develops an inherently parallelised, fast, approximate learning-based solution to the generic class of Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problems with Time Windows and Dynamic Routing (CVRP-TWDR). Considering vehicles in a fleet as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-15 Nazneen N Sultana , Vinita Baniwal , Ansuma Basumatary , Piyush Mittal , Supratim Ghosh , Harshad Khadilkar

The profiled vehicle routing problem (PVRP) is a generalization of the heterogeneous capacitated vehicle routing problem (HCVRP) in which the objective is to optimize the routes of vehicles to serve client demands subject to different…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Chuanbo Hua , Federico Berto , Jiwoo Son , Seunghyun Kang , Changhyun Kwon , Jinkyoo Park

An interval transportation problem represents a model for a transportation problem in which the values of supply, demand, and transportation costs are affected by uncertainty and can vary independently within given interval ranges. One of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-03 Elif Radová Garajová , Miroslav Rada

Path planning is typically considered in Artificial Intelligence as a graph searching problem and R* is state-of-the-art algorithm tailored to solve it. The algorithm decomposes given path finding task into the series of subtasks each of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-11-04 Konstantin Yakovlev , Egor Baskin , Ivan Hramoin

Multi-vehicle routing has become increasingly important with the rapid development of autonomous vehicle technology. Dial-a-ride problem, a variant of vehicle routing problem (VRP), deals with the allocation of customer requests to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-02-15 Songguang Ho , Sarat Chandra Nagavarapu , Ramesh Ramasamy Pandi , Justin Dauwels

Recent work investigated the use of Reinforcement Learning (RL) for the synthesis of heuristic guidance to improve the performance of temporal planners when a domain is fixed and a set of training problems (not plans) is given. The idea is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Irene Brugnara , Alessandro Valentini , Andrea Micheli

Unlike traditional homogeneous routing problems, the Heterogeneous Fleet Vehicle Routing Problem (HFVRP) involves heterogeneous fixed costs, variable travel costs, and capacity constraints, rendering solution quality highly sensitive to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Shihong Huang , Shengjie Wang , Lei Gao , Hong Ma , Zhanluo Zhang , Feng Zhang , Weihua Zhou

Recent neural heuristics for the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) primarily rely on node coordinates as input, which may be less effective in practical scenarios where real cost metrics-such as edge-based distances-are more relevant. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Dian Meng , Zhiguang Cao , Yaoxin Wu , Yaqing Hou , Hongwei Ge , Qiang Zhang

Dominating Set is a well-known combinatorial optimization problem which finds application in computational biology or mobile communication. Because of its $\mathrm{NP}$-hardness, one often turns to heuristics for good solutions. Many such…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Hendrik Higl

Recent advances in neural neighborhood search methods have shown potential in tackling Vehicle Routing Problems (VRPs). However, most existing approaches rely on simplistic state representations and fuse heterogeneous information via naive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Xiangling Chen , Yi Mei , Mengjie Zhang

The Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is a widely studied combinatorial optimization problem and has been applied to various practical problems. While the explainability for VRP is significant for improving the reliability and interactivity in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Daisuke Kikuta , Hiroki Ikeuchi , Kengo Tajiri , Yuusuke Nakano

Deep learning has been extensively explored to solve vehicle routing problems (VRPs), which yields a range of data-driven neural solvers with promising outcomes. However, most neural solvers are trained to tackle VRP instances in a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Shaodi Feng , Zhuoyi Lin , Jianan Zhou , Cong Zhang , Jingwen Li , Kuan-Wen Chen , Senthilnath Jayavelu , Yew-Soon Ong