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Quantum sensing harnesses the unique properties of quantum systems to enable precision measurements of physical quantities such as time, magnetic and electric fields, acceleration, and gravitational gradients well beyond the limits of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-23 Ivana Nikoloska , Ruud Van Sloun , Osvaldo Simeone

Optical fluorescence imaging is capable of measuring both the spatial and rotational dynamics of single molecules. However, unavoidable measurement noise will result in inaccurate estimates of rotational dynamics, causing a molecule to…

Optics · Physics 2019-05-22 Oumeng Zhang , Matthew D. Lew

Chemical reactions inside cells are generally considered to happen within fixed-size compartments. Needless to say, cells and their compartments are highly dynamic. Thus, such stringent assumptions may not reflect biochemical reality, and…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2016-02-17 Atiyo Ghosh , Tatiana T. Marquez-Lago

Biomolecular condensates form on timescales of seconds in cells upon environmental or compositional changes. Condensate formation is thus argued to act as a mechanism for sensing such changes and quickly initiating downstream processes,…

Subcellular Processes · Quantitative Biology 2025-12-09 Henry Alston , Mason Rouches , Arvind Murugan , Aleksandra M. Walczak , Thierry Mora

Cells sense and predict their environment via energy-dissipating pathways. However, it is unclear whether dissipation helps or harms prediction. Here we study dissipation and prediction for a minimal sensory module of receptors that…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2013-12-20 Nils B. Becker , Andrew Mugler , Pieter Rein ten Wolde

This article improves on existing methods to estimate the spectral density of stationary and nonstationary time series assuming a Gaussian process prior. By optimising an appropriate eigendecomposition using a smoothing spline covariance…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-06-01 Nick James , Max Menzies

This paper focus on investigating the distributed Riemannian stochastic optimization problem on the Stiefel manifold for multi-agent systems, where all the agents work collaboratively to optimize a function modeled by the average of their…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-01-17 Jishu Zhao , Xi Wang , Jinlong Lei

We show that the behavior of stochastic gradient descent is related to Bayesian statistics by showing that SGD is effectively diffusion on a fractal landscape, where the fractal dimension can be accounted for in a purely Bayesian way. By…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Max Hennick , Stijn De Baerdemacker

Stochastic neurons can be useful for a number of reasons in deep learning models, but in many cases they pose a challenging problem: how to estimate the gradient of a loss function with respect to the input of such stochastic neurons, i.e.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-05-15 Yoshua Bengio

It has been generally recognized that stochasticity can play an important role in the information processing accomplished by reaction networks in biological cells. Most treatments of that stochasticity employ Gaussian noise even though it…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2015-05-30 Neda Bostani , David A. Kessler , Nadav M. Shnerb , Wouter-Jan Rappel , Herbert Levine

Simulation-based optimization using agent-based models is typically carried out under the assumption that the gradient describing the sensitivity of the simulation output to the input cannot be evaluated directly. To still apply…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-24 Philipp Andelfinger

The precision of biochemical signaling is limited by randomness in the diffusive arrival of molecules at their targets. For proteins binding to the specific sites on the DNA and regulating transcription, the ability of the proteins to…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2013-08-01 Gasper Tkacik , William Bialek

Organisms use specialized sensors to measure their environments, but the fundamental principles that determine their accuracy remain largely unknown. In Escherichia coli chemotaxis, we previously found that gradient-climbing speed is…

Biological Physics · Physics 2025-08-28 Henry H. Mattingly , Keita Kamino , Jude Ong , Rafaela Kottou , Thierry Emonet , Benjamin B. Machta

We investigate the Brownian diffusion of particles in one spatial dimension and in the presence of finite regions within which particles can either evaporate or be reset to a given location. For open boundary conditions, we highlight the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-11-04 Gennaro Tucci , Andrea Gambassi , Shamik Gupta , Édgar Roldán

We study a chemotaxis-consumption mechanism, in which some chemical signal and cells density interact each other. In order to control the concentration of such a population, sources involving gradient nonlinearities, which introduce a…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-01-24 Daniel Acosta Soba , Alessandro Columbu , Giuseppe Viglialoro

The movement of a particle described by Brownian motion is quantified by a single parameter, $D$, the diffusion constant. The estimation of $D$ from a discrete sequence of noisy observations is a fundamental problem in biological single…

Subcellular Processes · Quantitative Biology 2016-04-13 Peter K. Relich , Mark J. Olah , Patrick J. Cutler , Keith A. Lidke

Radio map estimation (RME) is the problem of inferring the value of a certain metric (e.g. signal power) across an area of interest given a collection of measurements. While most works tackle this problem from a purely non-Bayesian…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-11 Tien Ngoc Ha , Daniel Romero

This paper develops methodology for local sensitivity analysis based on directional derivatives associated with spatial processes. Formal gradient analysis for spatial processes was elaborated in previous papers, focusing on distribution…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-03-31 Maria A. Terres , Alan E. Gelfand

Bayesian filtering is a well-known problem that aims to estimate plausible states of a dynamical system from observations. Among existing approaches to solve this problem, particle filters are theoretically exact for non-linear dynamics and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Thomas Savary , François Rozet , Gilles Louppe

There is a growing literature adopting a stochastic optimal control (SOC) perspective to fine-tune diffusion models and related generative policies. A prominent class of methods, known as iterative diffusion optimization, solves the SOC…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-24 Yuhang Mei , Amirhossein Taghvaei