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Non-parametric goodness-of-fit testing procedures based on kernel Stein discrepancies (KSD) are promising approaches to validate general unnormalised distributions in various scenarios. Existing works focused on studying kernel choices to…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-06-02 Wenkai Xu

In many applications, we encounter data on Riemannian manifolds such as torus and rotation groups. Standard statistical procedures for multivariate data are not applicable to such data. In this study, we develop goodness-of-fit testing and…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-03-02 Wenkai Xu , Takeru Matsuda

We propose a nonparametric statistical test for goodness-of-fit: given a set of samples, the test determines how likely it is that these were generated from a target density function. The measure of goodness-of-fit is a divergence…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-09-28 Kacper Chwialkowski , Heiko Strathmann , Arthur Gretton

This paper formally derives the asymptotic distribution of a goodness-of-fit test based on the Kernel Stein Discrepancy introduced in (Oscar Key et al., "Composite Goodness-of-fit Tests with Kernels", Journal of Machine Learning Research…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-02-24 Florian Brück , Veronika Reimoser , Fabian Baier

We derive a new discrepancy statistic for measuring differences between two probability distributions based on combining Stein's identity with the reproducing kernel Hilbert space theory. We apply our result to test how well a probabilistic…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-07-04 Qiang Liu , Jason D. Lee , Michael I. Jordan

Model misspecification can create significant challenges for the implementation of probabilistic models, and this has led to development of a range of robust methods which directly account for this issue. However, whether these more…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-04-22 Oscar Key , Arthur Gretton , François-Xavier Briol , Tamara Fernandez

We propose a goodness-of-fit measure for probability densities modeling observations with varying dimensionality, such as text documents of differing lengths or variable-length sequences. The proposed measure is an instance of the kernel…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-07-14 Jerome Baum , Heishiro Kanagawa , Arthur Gretton

In this paper we present a general framework for Stein's method for multivariate continuous distributions. The approach gives a collection of Stein characterisations, among which we highlight score-Stein operators and kernel Stein…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-11-14 Guillaume Mijoule , Gesine Reinert , Yvik Swan

We propose novel kernel-based tests for assessing the equivalence between distributions. Traditional goodness-of-fit testing is inappropriate for concluding the absence of distributional differences, because failure to reject the null…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-17 Xing Liu , Axel Gandy

We present a sequential version of the kernelized Stein discrepancy goodness-of-fit test, which allows for conducting goodness-of-fit tests for unnormalized densities that are continuously monitored and adaptively stopped. That is, the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-04-18 Diego Martinez-Taboada , Aaditya Ramdas

We propose two nonparametric statistical tests of goodness of fit for conditional distributions: given a conditional probability density function $p(y|x)$ and a joint sample, decide whether the sample is drawn from $p(y|x)r_x(x)$ for some…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-07-01 Wittawat Jitkrittum , Heishiro Kanagawa , Bernhard Schölkopf

We introduce a new goodness-of-fit test for count data on $\mathbb{N}$ for the Zeta distribution with unknown parameter. The test is built on a Stein-type characterization that uses, as Stein operator, the infinitesimal generator of a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-01 Bruno Ebner , Daniel Hlubinka

We explore the minimax optimality of goodness-of-fit tests on general domains using the kernelized Stein discrepancy (KSD). The KSD framework offers a flexible approach for goodness-of-fit testing, avoiding strong distributional…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-01-24 Omar Hagrass , Bharath Sriperumbudur , Krishnakumar Balasubramanian

We propose a kernel-based nonparametric test of relative goodness of fit, where the goal is to compare two models, both of which may have unobserved latent variables, such that the marginal distribution of the observed variables is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-05-10 Heishiro Kanagawa , Wittawat Jitkrittum , Lester Mackey , Kenji Fukumizu , Arthur Gretton

In this paper, we develop a simple non-parametric test for testing normal distribution based on the distance between empirical zero-bias transformation and empirical distribution. The asymptotic properties of the test statistic are studied.…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-11-14 Sudheesh Kattumannil

Kernel methods underpin many of the most successful approaches in data science and statistics, and they allow representing probability measures as elements of a reproducing kernel Hilbert space without loss of information. Recently, the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-19 Florian Kalinke , Zoltan Szabo , Bharath K. Sriperumbudur

This paper provides a general framework for Stein's density method for multivariate continuous distributions. The approach associates to any probability density function a canonical operator and Stein class, as well as an infinite…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-04-27 Guillaume Mijoule , Martin Raič , Gesine Reinert , Yvik Swan

We propose and analyse a novel nonparametric goodness of fit testing procedure for exchangeable exponential random graph models (ERGMs) when a single network realisation is observed. The test determines how likely it is that the observation…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-03-02 Wenkai Xu , Gesine Reinert

Kernelized Stein discrepancy (KSD) is a score-based discrepancy widely used in goodness-of-fit tests. It can be applied even when the target distribution has an unknown normalising factor, such as in Bayesian analysis. We show theoretically…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-06-06 Xing Liu , Andrew B. Duncan , Axel Gandy

We propose two families of tests for the classical goodness-of-fit problem to univariate normality. The new procedures are based on $L^2$-distances of the empirical zero-bias transformation to the normal distribution or the empirical…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-02-25 Steffen Betsch , Bruno Ebner
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