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This study investigates the problem of learning linear block codes optimized for Belief-Propagation decoders significantly improving performance compared to the state-of-the-art. Our previous research is extended with an enhanced system…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-02 Louis-Adrien Dufrène , Quentin Lampin , Guillaume Larue

In this paper a new message passing algorithm, which takes advantage of both tree-based re-parameterization and the knowledge of short cycles, is introduced for the purpose of decoding LDPC codes with short block lengths. The proposed…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-03-25 J. Li , R. C. de Lamare

A key idea in coding for the broadcast channel (BC) is binning, in which the transmitter encode information by selecting a codeword from an appropriate bin (the messages are thus the bin indexes). This selection is normally done by solving…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-17 A. Braunstein , F. Kayhan , G. Montorsi , R. Zecchina

Quantum error correction (QEC) is critical for scalable fault-tolerant quantum computing. Topological codes, such as the toric code, offer hardware-efficient architectures but their Tanner graphs contain many girth-4 cycles that degrade the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-24 Luca Menti , Francisco Lázaro

This paper proposes a quasi-belief propagation decoder for BCH codes that systematically integrates domain knowledge--specifically, channel noise variance, the cyclic property of the codes, and the deliberate redundancy in their…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Guangwen Li

Erasures are the primary type of errors in physical systems dominated by leakage errors. While quantum error correction (QEC) using stabilizer codes can combat erasure errors, it remains unknown which constructions achieve capacity…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-05 Kao-Yueh Kuo , Yingkai Ouyang

In this paper, we propose a novel message-passing decoding approach that leverages the degeneracy of quantum low-density parity-check codes to enhance decoding performance, eliminating the need for serial scheduling or post-processing. Our…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-10 Dimitris Chytas , Nithin Raveendran , Bane Vasic

Expectation Propagation is a generalization to Belief Propagation (BP) in two ways. First, it can be used with any exponential family distribution over the cliques in the graph. Second, it can impose additional constraints on the marginal…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2010-09-23 Pablo M. Olmos , Juan José Murillo-Fuentes

Belief-propagation (BP) decoding for quantum low-density parity-check (QLDPC) codes is appealing due to its low complexity, yet it often exhibits convergence issues due to quantum degeneracy and short cycles that exist in the Tanner graph.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Mohsen Moradi , Vahid Nourozi , Salman Habib , David G. M. Mitchell

Quantum error correction (QEC) for fault-tolerant quantum computing requires a balanced decoding solution that offers high performance, low complexity, and low latency. However, the de facto standard, belief propagation (BP) combined with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-04 Hee-Youl Kwak , Seong-Joon Park , Hyunwoo Jung , Jeongseok Ha , Jae-Won Kim

Weighted belief propagation (WBP) for the decoding of linear block codes is considered. In WBP, the Tanner graph of the code is unrolled with respect to the iterations of the belief propagation decoder. Then, weights are assigned to the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Alireza Tasdighi , Mansoor Yousefi

We introduce a new heuristic decoder, Relay-BP, targeting real-time quantum circuit decoding for large-scale quantum computers. Relay-BP achieves high accuracy across circuit-noise decoding problems: significantly outperforming BP+OSD+CS-10…

Machine learning based approaches are being increasingly used for designing decoders for next generation communication systems. One widely used framework is neural belief propagation (NBP), which unfolds the belief propagation (BP)…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Sudarshan Adiga , Xin Xiao , Ravi Tandon , Bane Vasic , Tamal Bose

In this work, we propose a fully differentiable iterative decoder for quantum low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. The proposed algorithm is composed of classical belief propagation (BP) decoding stages and intermediate graph neural…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-14 Anqi Gong , Sebastian Cammerer , Joseph M. Renes

Quantum low-density parity-check (QLDPC) codes are a leading approach to quantum error correction, yet conventional belief propagation (BP) decoders often perform poorly, primarily due to non-convergence exacerbated by stabilizer…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Mohsen Moradi , Salman Habib , Vahid Nourozi , David G. M. Mitchell

Polar codes are the first provable capacity-achieving forward error correction (FEC) codes. In general polar codes can be decoded via either successive cancellation (SC) or belief propagation (BP) decoding algorithm. However, to date…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-11-27 Bo Yuan , Keshab K. Parhi

Recently, Renes proposed a quantum algorithm called belief propagation with quantum messages (BPQM) for decoding classical data encoded using a binary linear code with tree Tanner graph that is transmitted over a pure-state CQ channel…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-11 Christophe Piveteau , Joseph M. Renes

Belief propagation (BP) is a powerful tool to solve distributed inference problems, though it is limited by short cycles in the corresponding factor graph. Such cycles may lead to incorrect solutions or oscillatory behavior. Only for…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-02-08 Christopher Lindberg , Julien M. Hendrickx , Henk Wymeersch

The sum-product or belief propagation (BP) algorithm is a widely-used message-passing algorithm for computing marginal distributions in graphical models with discrete variables. At the core of the BP message updates, when applied to a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2012-05-28 Nima Noorshams , Martin J. Wainwright

Polar codes are a channel coding scheme for the next generation of wireless communications standard (5G). The belief propagation (BP) decoder allows for parallel decoding of polar codes, making it suitable for high throughput applications.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-07-02 Nghia Doan , Seyyed Ali Hashemi , Marco Mondelli , Warren J. Gross