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Fault-tolerant quantum computers must be designed in conjunction with classical co-processors that decode quantum error correction measurement information in real-time. In this work, we introduce the belief propagation plus ordered Tanner…

Belief-propagation (BP) decoders play a vital role in modern coding theory, but they are not suitable to decode quantum error-correcting codes because of a unique quantum feature called error degeneracy. Inspired by an exact mapping between…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-29 Ye-Hua Liu , David Poulin

We describe a novel approach to interpret a polar code as a low-density parity-check (LDPC)-like code with an underlying sparse decoding graph. This sparse graph is based on the encoding factor graph of polar codes and is suitable for…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-05-15 Sebastian Cammerer , Moustafa Ebada , Ahmed Elkelesh , Stephan ten Brink

Quantum low-density parity-check codes can be decoded using a syndrome based $\mathrm{GF}(4)$ belief propagation decoder. However, the performance of this decoder is limited both by unavoidable $4$-cycles in the code's factor graph and the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-24 Alex Rigby , JC Olivier , Peter Jarvis

We introduce a new method for decoding short and moderate length linear block codes with dense parity-check matrix representations of cyclic form, termed multiple-bases belief-propagation (MBBP). The proposed iterative scheme makes use of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-15 Thorsten Hehn , Johannes B. Huber , Olgica Milenkovic , Stefan Laendner

We propose a scalable decoding framework for correcting correlated hook errors in stabilizer measurement circuits. Traditional circuit-level decoding attempts to estimate the precise location of faults by constructing an extended Tanner…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-01 Michele Pacenti , Asit K. Pradhan , Shantom K. Borah , Bane Vasic

Fault tolerance in quantum protocols requires contributions from error-correcting codes and their suitable decoders. Quantum Low-Density Parity Check (QLDPC) codes are one of the most explored quantum codes that have good coding rate and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-24 Mainak Bhattacharyya , Ankur Raina

Quantum low-density parity-check codes are promising candidates for low-overhead fault-tolerant quantum computing, but degeneracy is known to impair the convergence of belief-propagation (BP) decoding of these codes. In this work, we show…

The belief propagation (BP) based algorithm is investigated as a potential decoder for both of error correcting codes and lossy compression, which are based on non-monotonic tree-like multilayer perceptron encoders. We discuss that whether…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-03-18 Kazushi Mimura , Florent Cousseau , Masato Okada

The problem of low complexity, close to optimal, channel decoding of linear codes with short to moderate block length is considered. It is shown that deep learning methods can be used to improve a standard belief propagation decoder,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-03-14 Eliya Nachmani , Elad Marciano , Loren Lugosch , Warren J. Gross , David Burshtein , Yair Beery

In this paper, we investigate the use of quaternary reliability statistics for ordered statistics decoding (OSD) of quantum codes. OSD can be used to improve the performance of belief propagation (BP) decoding when it fails to correct the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Ching-Feng Kung , Kao-Yueh Kuo , Ching-Yi Lai

Belief propagation (BP) is a classical algorithm that approximates the marginal distribution associated with a factor graph by passing messages between adjacent nodes in the graph. It gained popularity in the 1990's as a powerful decoding…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-07-12 S. Brandsen , Avijit Mandal , Henry D. Pfister

This work presents a hardware-efficient and fully parallelizable decoder for quantum LDPC codes that leverages belief propagation (BP) with a speculative post-processing strategy inspired by classical Chase decoding algorithm. By monitoring…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-11 Ming Wang , Ang Li , Frank Mueller

Belief propagation is a powerful tool in statistical physics, machine learning, and modern coding theory. As a decoding method, it is ubiquitous in classical error correction and has also been applied to stabilizer-based quantum error…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-07-31 Joseph M. Renes

In this article we address the computational hardness of optimally decoding a quantum stabilizer code. Much like classical linear codes, errors are detected by measuring certain check operators which yield an error syndrome, and the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-10-14 Pavithran Iyer , David Poulin

Variant belief propagation (BP) algorithms are applied to low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. However, conventional decoders suffer from a large resource consumption due to gathering messages from all the neighbour variable-nodes and/or…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Wu Guan , Liping Liang

We consider near maximum-likelihood (ML) decoding of short linear block codes. In particular, we propose a novel decoding approach based on neural belief propagation (NBP) decoding recently introduced by Nachmani et al. in which we allow a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-11-30 Andreas Buchberger , Christian Häger , Henry D. Pfister , Laurent Schmalen , Alexandre Graell i Amat

The decoding of Low-Density Parity-Check codes by the Belief Propagation (BP) algorithm is revisited. We check the iterative algorithm for its convergence to a codeword (termination), we run Monte Carlo simulations to find the probability…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2007-07-13 M. G. Stepanov , M. Chertkov

In this work, we develop an efficient decoding method for graph codes, a class of stabilizer quantum error-correcting codes constructed from graph states. While optimal decoding is generally NP-hard, we propose a faster decoder exploiting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-17 Nirupam Basak , Goutam Paul

We consider near maximum-likelihood (ML) decoding of short linear block codes based on neural belief propagation (BP) decoding recently introduced by Nachmani et al.. While this method significantly outperforms conventional BP decoding, the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Andreas Buchberger , Christian Häger , Henry D. Pfister , Laurent Schmalen , Alexandre Graell i Amat