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Energy is today the most critical environmental challenge. The amount of carbon emissions contributing to climate change is significantly influenced by both the production and consumption of energy. Measuring and reducing the energy…

In the modern Web, service providers often rely heavily on third parties to run their services. For example, they make use of ad networks to finance their services, externally hosted libraries to develop features quickly, and analytics…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-02-04 Tobias Urban , Martin Degeling , Thorsten Holz , Norbert Pohlmann

Many internet ventures rely on advertising for their revenue. However, users feel discontent by the presence of ads on the websites they visit, as the data-size of ads is often comparable to that of the actual content. This has an impact…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2017-05-10 Kiran Garimella , Orestis Kostakis , Michael Mathioudakis

This paper introduces adF, a novel system for analyzing the vulnerability of different devices, Operating Systems (OSes), and browsers to web fingerprinting. adF performs its measurements from code inserted in ads. We have used our system…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Miguel A. Bermejo-Agueda , Patricia Callejo , Rubén Cuevas , Ángel Cuevas

Context: In-app advertising is the primary source of revenue for many mobile apps. The cost of advertising (ad cost) is non-negligible for app developers to ensure a good user experience and continuous profits. Previous studies mainly focus…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-11-02 Cuiyun Gao , Jichuan Zeng , Federica Sarro , David Lo , Irwin King , Michael R. Lyu

The rise of ad-blockers is viewed as an economic threat by online publishers, especially those who primarily rely on ad- vertising to support their services. To address this threat, publishers have started retaliating by employing ad-block…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-05-20 Muhammad Haris Mughees , Zhiyun Qian , Zubair Shafiq , Karishma Dash , Pan Hui

Internet advertising is a fast growing business which has proved to be significantly important in digital economics. It is vitally important for both web search engines and online content providers and publishers because web advertising…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2012-07-04 Shuai Yuan , Ahmad Zainal Abidin , Marc Sloan , Jun Wang

Website accessibility is essential for inclusiveness and regulatory compliance. Although third-party advertisements (ads) are a vital revenue source for free web services, they introduce significant accessibility challenges. Leasing a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Abdul Haddi Amjad , Muhammad Danish , Bless Jah , Muhammad Ali Gulzar

Web browsers have been used widely by users to conduct various online activities, such as information seeking or online shopping. To improve user experience and extend the functionality of browsers, practitioners provide mechanisms to allow…

Performance · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Bihui Jin , Heng Li , Ying Zou

Over the past decade, advertising has emerged as the primary source of revenue for many web sites and apps. In this paper we report a first-of-its-kind study that seeks to broadly understand the features, mechanisms and dynamics of display…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2014-07-07 Paul Barford , Igor Canadi , Darja Krushevskaja , Qiang Ma , S. Muthukrishnan

Websites employ third-party ads and tracking services leveraging cookies and JavaScript code, to deliver ads and track users' behavior, causing privacy concerns. To limit online tracking and block advertisements, several ad-blocking (black)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Saad Sajid Hashmi , Muhammad Ikram , Mohamed Ali Kaafar

Online advertising is the major source of income for a large portion of Internet Services. There exists a body of literature aiming at optimizing ads engagement, understanding the privacy and ethical implications of online advertising, etc.…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-02-02 Aritz Arrate , José González Cabañas , Ángel Cuevas , María Calderón , Rubén Cuevas

Websites use third-party ads and tracking services to deliver targeted ads and collect information about users that visit them. These services put users' privacy at risk, and that is why users' demand for blocking these services is growing.…

A large share of all online display advertisements (ads) are never seen by a human. For instance, an ad could appear below the page fold, where a user never scrolls. Yet, an ad is essentially ineffective if it is not at least somewhat…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-08-28 Christina Uhl , Nadia Abou Nabout , Klaus Miller

To partly address people's concerns over web tracking, Google has created the Ad Settings webpage to provide information about and some choice over the profiles Google creates on users. We present AdFisher, an automated tool that explores…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-03-18 Amit Datta , Michael Carl Tschantz , Anupam Datta

Clearly, no one likes webpages with poor quality of experience (QoE). Being perceived as slow or fast is a key element in the overall perceived QoE of web applications. While extensive effort has been put into optimizing web applications…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2017-04-06 Qingzhu Gao , Prasenjit Dey , Parvez Ahammad

Online advertising, as the vast market, has gained significant attention in various platforms ranging from search engines, third-party websites, social media, and mobile apps. The prosperity of online campaigns is a challenge in online…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-08-23 Zhabiz Gharibshah , Xingquan Zhu

The web browser is one of the major channels to access the Internet on mobile devices. Based on the smartphone usage logs from millions of real-world Android users, it is interesting to find that about 38% users have more than one browser…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-12-01 Yun Ma , Shuailiang Dong

This paper performs a large-scale study of dependency chains in the web, to find that around 50% of first-party websites render content that they did not directly load. Although the majority (84.91%) of websites have short dependency chains…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Muhammad Ikram , Rahat Masood , Gareth Tyson , Mohamed Ali Kaafar , Roya Ensafi

Third party advertising and tracking (A&T) are pervasive across the web, yet user exposure varies significantly with browser choice, browsing location, and hosting jurisdiction. We systematically study how these three factors shape tracking…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Tanya Prasad , Rut Vora , Soo Yee Lim , Nguyen Phong Hoang , Thomas Pasquier
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