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Concept bottleneck models (CBMs) ensure interpretability by decomposing predictions into human interpretable concepts. Yet the annotations used for training CBMs that enable this transparency are often noisy, and the impact of such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Seonghwan Park , Jueun Mun , Donghyun Oh , Namhoon Lee

Information bottleneck (IB) is a technique for extracting information in one random variable $X$ that is relevant for predicting another random variable $Y$. IB works by encoding $X$ in a compressed "bottleneck" random variable $M$ from…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Artemy Kolchinsky , Brendan D. Tracey , David H. Wolpert

This paper studies the multimodal named entity recognition (MNER) and multimodal relation extraction (MRE), which are important for multimedia social platform analysis. The core of MNER and MRE lies in incorporating evident visual…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Shiyao Cui , Jiangxia Cao , Xin Cong , Jiawei Sheng , Quangang Li , Tingwen Liu , Jinqiao Shi

Understanding the confidence with which a machine learning model classifies an input datum is an important, and perhaps under-investigated, concept. In this paper, we propose a new calibration metric, the Entropic Calibration Difference…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Daniel James Sumler , Lee Devlin , Simon Maskell , Richard O. Lane

Rising usage of deep neural networks to perform decision making in critical applications like medical diagnosis and financial analysis have raised concerns regarding their reliability and trustworthiness. As automated systems become more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Sanchit Sinha , Mengdi Huai , Jianhui Sun , Aidong Zhang

We consider the problem of learning a neural network classifier. Under the information bottleneck (IB) principle, we associate with this classification problem a representation learning problem, which we call "IB learning". We show that IB…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-02 Masoumeh Soflaei , Hongyu Guo , Ali Al-Bashabsheh , Yongyi Mao , Richong Zhang

Continual learning (CL) aims to enable learning systems to acquire new knowledge constantly without forgetting previously learned information. CL faces the challenge of mitigating catastrophic forgetting while maintaining interpretability…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Lu Yu , Haoyu Han , Zhe Tao , Hantao Yao , Changsheng Xu

Adversarial training (AT) has shown excellent high performance in defending against adversarial examples. Recent studies demonstrate that examples are not equally important to the final robustness of models during AT, that is, the so-called…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-27 Mengting Xu , Tao Zhang , Zhongnian Li , Daoqiang Zhang

Despite extraordinary progress, current machine learning systems have been shown to be brittle against adversarial examples: seemingly innocuous but carefully crafted perturbations of test examples that cause machine learning predictors to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Omar Montasser

A major challenge in designing efficient statistical supervised learning algorithms is finding representations that perform well not only on available training samples but also on unseen data. While the study of representation learning has…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-02-06 Milad Sefidgaran , Abdellatif Zaidi , Piotr Krasnowski

Information bottleneck (IB) principle [1] has become an important element in information-theoretic analysis of deep models. Many state-of-the-art generative models of both Variational Autoencoder (VAE) [2; 3] and Generative Adversarial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-06 Slava Voloshynovskiy , Mouad Kondah , Shideh Rezaeifar , Olga Taran , Taras Holotyak , Danilo Jimenez Rezende

The learning dynamics of deep neural networks are subject to controversy. Using the information bottleneck (IB) theory separate fitting and compression phases have been put forward but have since been heavily debated. We approach learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-18 Johannes Schneider

One of the principal scientific challenges in deep learning is explaining generalization, i.e., why the particular way the community now trains networks to achieve small training error also leads to small error on held-out data from the…

A machine learning model that generalizes well should obtain low errors on unseen test examples. Thus, if we learn an optimal model in training data, it could have better generalization performance in testing tasks. However, learning such a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Penghao Jiang , Xin Ke , ZiFeng Wang , Chunxi Li

Machine learning is a vital part of many real-world systems, but several concerns remain about the lack of interpretability, explainability and robustness of black-box AI systems. Concept Bottleneck Models (CBM) address some of these…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-24 Hidde Fokkema , Tim van Erven , Sara Magliacane

Scarcity of data and incremental learning of new tasks pose two major bottlenecks for many modern computer vision algorithms. The phenomenon of catastrophic forgetting, i.e., the model's inability to classify previously learned data after…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Sanchar Palit , Biplab Banerjee , Subhasis Chaudhuri

Machine learning is usually defined in behaviourist terms, where external validation is the primary mechanism of learning. In this paper, I argue for a more holistic interpretation in which finding more probable, efficient and abstract…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-11-07 Johan Loeckx

Incremental learning suffers from two challenging problems; forgetting of old knowledge and intransigence on learning new knowledge. Prediction by the model incrementally learned with a subset of the dataset are thus uncertain and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-05 Dahyun Kim , Jihwan Bae , Yeonsik Jo , Jonghyun Choi

Given the input graph and its label/property, several key problems of graph learning, such as finding interpretable subgraphs, graph denoising and graph compression, can be attributed to the fundamental problem of recognizing a subgraph of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Junchi Yu , Tingyang Xu , Yu Rong , Yatao Bian , Junzhou Huang , Ran He

This paper proposes a deep representation learning using an information-theoretic loss with an aim to increase the inter-class distances as well as within-class similarity in the embedded space. Tasks such as anomaly and out-of-distribution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Shin Ando