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We review the current status of spin-averaged and spin-dependent parton distribution functions (PDFs) of the nucleon. After presenting the formalism used to fit PDFs in modern global data analyses, we discuss constraints placed on the PDFs…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-16 P. Jimenez-Delgado , W. Melnitchouk , J. F. Owens

We calculate the valence parton distribution function~(PDF) of pion, within the theoretical approach based on spectral function representation of valence quarks in the pion. In this approach we assume that the soft partonic structure of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-03-16 Joseph Maerovitz , Christopher Leon , Misak Sargsian

We analyze the moments of parton distribution functions in the pion calculated in lattice QCD, paying particular attention to their chiral extrapolation. Using the lowest three non-trivial moments calculated on the lattice, we assess the…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2008-11-26 W. Detmold , W. Melnitchouk , A. W. Thomas

We present an analysis to extract kaon parton distribution functions (PDFs) for the first time using meson-induced Drell-Yan and quarkonium production data. Starting from the statistical model first developed for determining the partonic…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-09-21 Claude Bourrely , Franco Buccella , Wen-Chen Chang , Jen-Chieh Peng

Study of parton distribution functions (PDFs) has led to a finer cognisance of the structure of partons in hadrons and the proton structure functions in deep inelastic scattering (DIS). PDFs are instrumental in predicting results for most…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-10-02 Akbari Jahan , Diptimonta Neog

The parton distribution function of the pion in the valence region is extracted in a next-to-leading order analysis from Fermilab E-615 pionic Drell-Yan data. The effects of the parameterization of the pion's valence distributions are…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2009-11-11 K. Wijesooriya , P. E. Reimer , R. J. Holt

Based on a global fit to experimental measurements of the pion electromagnetic form factor and parton distribution functions (PDFs), we report a data-driven determination of the unpolarized quark generalized parton distributions (GPDs) for…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-04-14 Satyajit Puhan , Shubham Sharma , Narinder Kumar , Harleen Dahiya

We present the first unbiased determination of spin-dependent, or polarized, Parton Distribution Functions (PDFs) of the proton. A statistically sound representation of the corresponding uncertainties is achieved by means of the NNPDF…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-03-04 Emanuele Roberto Nocera

Parton distribution functions (PDFs) are central to precision QCD phenomenology. Their Mellin moments can be computed on the lattice, but direct determinations using local operators, besides $\langle x \rangle$, face severe challenges from…

We present lattice QCD calculations of valence parton distribution function (PDF) of pion employing next-to-next-leading-order (NNLO) perturbative QCD matching. Our calculations are based on three gauge ensembles of 2+1 flavor highly…

We present the first determination of the $x$-dependent pion gluon distribution from lattice QCD using the pseudo-PDF approach. We use lattice ensembles with 2+1+1 flavors of highly improved staggered quarks (HISQ), generated by MILC…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2021-11-17 Zhouyou Fan , Huey-Wen Lin

We provide an analysis of the x-dependence of the bare unpolarized, helicity and transversity iso-vector parton distribution functions (PDFs) from lattice calculations employing (maximally) twisted mass fermions. The x-dependence of the…

In this paper, we present a detailed study of the unpolarized nucleon parton distribution function (PDF) employing the approach of parton pseudo-distribution functions. We perform a systematic analysis using three lattice ensembles at two…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2020-01-29 Bálint Joó , Joseph Karpie , Kostas Orginos , Anatoly Radyushkin , David Richards , Savvas Zafeiropoulos

Supposing only that there is an effective charge which defines an evolution scheme for parton distribution functions (DFs) that is all-orders exact, strict lower and upper bounds on all Mellin moments of the valence-quark DFs of pion-like…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-06-01 Z. -F. Cui , M. Ding , J. M. Morgado , K. Raya , D. Binosi , L. Chang , F. De Soto , C. D. Roberts , J. Rodríguez-Quintero , S. M. Schmidt

I present a first determination of a set of collinear fragmentation functions of charged pions using the NNPDF methodology. The analysis is based on a wide set of single-inclusive electron-positron annihilation data, including recent…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2017-02-01 Emanuele R. Nocera

We present the first global analysis of fragmentation functions (FFs) for light charged hadrons ($\pi^{\pm}$, $K^{\pm}$) at full next-to-next-to-leading order in Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), incorporating world data from both…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-07-28 Jun Gao , XiaoMin Shen , Hongxi Xing , Yuxiang Zhao , Bin Zhou

Recently, a novel approach has been proposed to compute parton distributions through the use of boosted correlators fixed in the Coulomb gauge from lattice QCD, within the framework of Large-Momentum Effective Theory (LaMET). This approach…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2026-02-13 Xiang Gao , Jinchen He , Joshua Lin , Swagato Mukherjee , Peter Petreczky , Rui Zhang , Yong Zhao

We propose a new method to calculate parton distribution functions (PDFs) from lattice correlations of boosted quarks and gluons in the Coulomb gauge. Compared to the widely used gauge-invariant Wilson-line operators, these correlations…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-04-30 Xiang Gao , Wei-Yang Liu , Yong Zhao

The correct description of the hadron's structure requires understanding how quarks and gluons form the observable hadrons and how they are distributed within them. Two key nonperturbative quantities encapsulate this information: parton…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-12-17 Gustavo B. Bopsin , Bruno El-Bennich , Gastão Krein , Fernando E. Serna , Roberto C. da Silveira

We compute the Parton Distribution Functions (PDFs) of the unpolarised muon for the leptons, the photon, the light quarks, and the gluon. We discuss in detail the issues stemming from the necessity of evaluating the strong coupling constant…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-12-14 Stefano Frixione , Giovanni Stagnitto