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We consider optimizing two-layer neural networks in the mean-field regime where the learning dynamics of network weights can be approximated by the evolution in the space of probability measures over the weight parameters associated with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-19 Jingwei Zhang , Xunpeng Huang , Jincheng Yu

In this paper we are concerned with the approximation of functions by single hidden layer neural networks with ReLU activation functions on the unit circle. In particular, we are interested in the case when the number of data-points exceeds…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2021-04-02 Benny Avelin , Vesa Julin

This article studies the dynamics of the mean-field approximation of continuous random networks. These networks are stochastic integrodifferential equations driven by Gaussian noise. The kernels in the integral operators are realizations of…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-02-04 W. A. Zúñiga-Galindo

Path regularization has shown to be a very effective regularization to train neural networks, leading to a better generalization property than common regularizations i.e. weight decay, etc. We propose a first near-complete (as will be made…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Hao Yu

Mean-field Langevin dynamics (MFLD) minimizes an entropy-regularized nonlinear convex functional defined over the space of probability distributions. MFLD has gained attention due to its connection with noisy gradient descent for mean-field…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Atsushi Nitanda

We study a class of sampled stochastic optimization problems, where the underlying state process has diffusive dynamics of the mean-field type. We establish the existence of optimal relaxed controls when the sample set has finite size. The…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-06-07 Lijun Bo , Agostino Capponi , Huafu Liao

We study the global convergence of policy gradient for infinite-horizon, continuous state and action space, and entropy-regularized Markov decision processes (MDPs). We consider a softmax policy with (one-hidden layer) neural network…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-06-17 Bekzhan Kerimkulov , James-Michael Leahy , David Šiška , Lukasz Szpruch

The mean-field Langevin dynamics (MFLD) is a nonlinear generalization of the Langevin dynamics that incorporates a distribution-dependent drift, and it naturally arises from the optimization of two-layer neural networks via (noisy) gradient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Taiji Suzuki , Denny Wu , Atsushi Nitanda

Our work is motivated by a desire to study the theoretical underpinning for the convergence of stochastic gradient type algorithms widely used for non-convex learning tasks such as training of neural networks. The key insight, already…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-12-15 Kaitong Hu , Zhenjie Ren , David Siska , Lukasz Szpruch

Several important learning tasks can be formulated as minimizing an entropy-regularized objective over an appropriate space of probability distributions. Mean-field Langevin dynamics (MFLD) facilitate computation in this general context,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Zonghao Chen , Heishiro Kanagawa , François-Xavier Briol , Chris J. Oates , Lester Mackey

In this paper, we study the feature learning ability of two-layer neural networks in the mean-field regime through the lens of kernel methods. To focus on the dynamics of the kernel induced by the first layer, we utilize a two-timescale…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Shokichi Takakura , Taiji Suzuki

To understand the training dynamics of neural networks (NNs), prior studies have considered the infinite-width mean-field (MF) limit of two-layer NN, establishing theoretical guarantees of its convergence under gradient flow training as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-31 Zhengdao Chen , Eric Vanden-Eijnden , Joan Bruna

Compressing large Neural Networks (NN) by quantizing the parameters, while maintaining the performance is highly desirable due to reduced memory and time complexity. In this work, we cast NN quantization as a discrete labelling problem, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-21 Thalaiyasingam Ajanthan , Puneet K. Dokania , Richard Hartley , Philip H. S. Torr

In the mean field regime, neural networks are appropriately scaled so that as the width tends to infinity, the learning dynamics tends to a nonlinear and nontrivial dynamical limit, known as the mean field limit. This lends a way to study…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-12 Huy Tuan Pham , Phan-Minh Nguyen

To optimize a neural network one often thinks of optimizing its parameters, but it is ultimately a matter of optimizing the function that maps inputs to outputs. Since a change in the parameters might serve as a poor proxy for the change in…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-06-28 Ari S. Benjamin , David Rolnick , Konrad Kording

We present an early investigation into the use of neural diffusion processes for global optimisation, focusing on Zhang et al.'s Path Integral Sampler. One can use the Boltzmann distribution to formulate optimization as solving a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Max McGuinness , Eirik Fladmark , Francisco Vargas

We propose two numerical methods for the optimal control of McKean-Vlasov dynamics in finite time horizon. Both methods are based on the introduction of a suitable loss function defined over the parameters of a neural network. This allows…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-03-31 René Carmona , Mathieu Laurière

We propose a new method called the N-particle underdamped Langevin algorithm for optimizing a special class of non-linear functionals defined over the space of probability measures. Examples of problems with this formulation include…

Computation · Statistics 2024-02-07 Qiang Fu , Ashia Wilson

Entropic regularization provides a generalization of the original optimal transport problem. It introduces a penalty term defined by the Kullback-Leibler divergence, making the problem more tractable via the celebrated Sinkhorn algorithm.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-01-04 Dávid Terjék , Diego González-Sánchez

The mean-field Langevin dynamics (MFLD) minimizes an entropy-regularized nonlinear convex functional on the Wasserstein space over $\mathbb{R}^d$, and has gained attention recently as a model for the gradient descent dynamics of interacting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Anming Gu , Juno Kim
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