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This paper extends the proof of density of neural networks in the space of continuous (or even measurable) functions on Euclidean spaces to functions on compact sets of probability measures. By doing so the work parallels a more then a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Tomas Pevny , Vojtech Kovarik

This paper is concerned with transition paths within the framework of the overdamped Langevin dynamics model of chemical reactions. We aim to give an efficient description of typical transition paths in the small temperature regime. We…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-06-27 Yulong Lu , Andrew M. Stuart , Hendrik Weber

We consider learning two layer neural networks using stochastic gradient descent. The mean-field description of this learning dynamics approximates the evolution of the network weights by an evolution in the space of probability…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-02-19 Song Mei , Theodor Misiakiewicz , Andrea Montanari

Randomized neural networks (NNs) are an interesting alternative to conventional NNs that are more used for data modeling. The random vector functional-link (RVFL) network is an established and theoretically well-grounded randomized learning…

Computation · Statistics 2018-04-24 Hien D. Nguyen , Dianhui Wang , Geoffrey J. McLachlan

Many real-world phenomena can be modelled as dynamical processes on networks, a prominent example being the spread of infectious diseases such as COVID-19. Mean-field approximations are a widely used tool to analyse such dynamical processes…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-08-25 Jonathan A. Ward , Gábor Timár , Péter L. Simon

We address the behavior of idealized deep residual neural networks (ResNets), modeled via an optimal control problem set over continuity (or adjoint transport) equations. The continuity equations describe the statistical evolution of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-14 Samuel Daudin , François Delarue

We propose a new way of thinking about deep neural networks, in which the linear and non-linear components of the network are naturally derived and justified in terms of principles in probability theory. In particular, the models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-11 Amir Emad Marvasti , Ehsan Emad Marvasti , George Atia , Hassan Foroosh

Current approaches in approximate inference for Bayesian neural networks minimise the Kullback-Leibler divergence to approximate the true posterior over the weights. However, this approximation is without knowledge of the final application,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-05-11 Adam D. Cobb , Stephen J. Roberts , Yarin Gal

We study a family of McKean-Vlasov (mean-field) type ergodic optimal control problems with linear control, and quadratic dependence on control of the cost function. For this class of problems we establish existence and uniqueness of an…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-05-26 Sergio Albeverio , Francesco C. De Vecchi , Andrea Romano , Stefania Ugolini

Recently there is a rising interest in the research of mean field optimization, in particular because of its role in analyzing the training of neural networks. In this paper by adding the Fisher Information as the regularizer, we relate the…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-07-25 Julien Claisse , Giovanni Conforti , Zhenjie Ren , Songbo Wang

Obtaining theoretical guarantees for neural networks training appears to be a hard problem in a general case. Recent research has been focused on studying this problem in the limit of infinite width and two different theories have been…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-10-27 Eugene A. Golikov

In this paper, we consider the problem of recovering the $W_2$-optimal transport map T between absolutely continuous measures $\mu,\nu\in\mathcal{P}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ as the flow of a linear-control neural ODE, where the control depends only…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-12-04 Alessandro Scagliotti , Sara Farinelli

Recent works have shown that on sufficiently over-parametrized neural nets, gradient descent with relatively large initialization optimizes a prediction function in the RKHS of the Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK). This analysis leads to global…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-04-28 Colin Wei , Jason D. Lee , Qiang Liu , Tengyu Ma

For a certain class of McKean-Vlasov processes, we introduce proxy processes that substitute the mean-field interaction with self-interaction, employing a weighted occupation measure. Our study encompasses two key achievements. First, we…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-11-04 Kai Du , Zhenjie Ren , Florin Suciu , Songbo Wang

We consider an optimal control problem where the average welfare of weakly interacting agents is of interest. We examine the mean-field control problem as the fluid approximation of the N-agent control problem with the setup of finite-state…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-02-13 Jingruo Sun

In this paper, we study the compression of a target two-layer neural network with N nodes into a compressed network with M<N nodes. More precisely, we consider the setting in which the weights of the target network are i.i.d. sub-Gaussian,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-08-17 Mohammad Hossein Amani , Simone Bombari , Marco Mondelli , Rattana Pukdee , Stefano Rini

Sampling a probability distribution with an unknown normalization constant is a fundamental problem in computational science and engineering. This task may be cast as an optimization problem over all probability measures, and an initial…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-09-12 Yifan Chen , Daniel Zhengyu Huang , Jiaoyang Huang , Sebastian Reich , Andrew M. Stuart

As an example of the nonlinear Fokker-Planck equation, the mean field Langevin dynamics recently attracts attention due to its connection to (noisy) gradient descent on infinitely wide neural networks in the mean field regime, and hence the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-02-28 Atsushi Nitanda , Denny Wu , Taiji Suzuki

We propose a new approach to deriving quantitative mean field approximations for any probability measure $P$ on $\mathbb{R}^n$ with density proportional to $e^{f(x)}$, for $f$ strongly concave. We bound the mean field approximation for the…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-06-06 Daniel Lacker , Sumit Mukherjee , Lane Chun Yeung

Mean field control (MFC) problems have been introduced to study social optima in very large populations of strategic agents. The main idea is to consider an infinite population and to simplify the analysis by using a mean field…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-03-01 Sebastian Baudelet , Brieuc Frénais , Mathieu Laurière , Amal Machtalay , Yuchen Zhu