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Text-to-SQL bridges the gap between natural language and structured database language, thus allowing non-technical users to easily query databases. Traditional approaches model text-to-SQL as a direct translation task, where a given Natural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Anurag Tripathi , Vaibhav Patle , Abhinav Jain , Ayush Pundir , Sairam Menon , Ajeet Kumar Singh , Dorien Herremans

Text-to-SQL, the process of translating natural language into Structured Query Language (SQL), represents a transformative application of large language models (LLMs), potentially revolutionizing how humans interact with data. This paper…

Schema linking -- the process of aligning natural language questions with database schema elements -- is a critical yet underexplored component of Text-to-SQL systems. While recent methods have focused primarily on improving SQL generation,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Md Mahadi Hasan Nahid , Davood Rafiei , Weiwei Zhang , Yong Zhang

In tackling the challenges of large language model (LLM) performance for Text-to-SQL tasks, we introduce CHASE-SQL, a new framework that employs innovative strategies, using test-time compute in multi-agent modeling to improve candidate…

The Text-to-SQL task translates natural language questions into SQL queries, enabling intuitive database interaction for non-experts. While recent methods leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve strong performance, their reliance on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Shengmin Piao , Jieun Lee , Sanghyun Park

In this paper, we study how to leverage pre-trained language models in Text-to-SQL. We argue that previous approaches under utilize the base language models by concatenating all columns together with the NL question and feeding them into…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-12 Qin Lyu , Kaushik Chakrabarti , Shobhit Hathi , Souvik Kundu , Jianwen Zhang , Zheng Chen

Data augmentation has attracted a lot of research attention in the deep learning era for its ability in alleviating data sparseness. The lack of labeled data for unseen evaluation databases is exactly the major challenge for cross-domain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-16 Kun Wu , Lijie Wang , Zhenghua Li , Ao Zhang , Xinyan Xiao , Hua Wu , Min Zhang , Haifeng Wang

Natural language to SQL translation (Text-to-SQL) is one of the long-standing problems that has recently benefited from advances in Large Language Models (LLMs). While most academic Text-to-SQL benchmarks request schema description as a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Rajpreet Singh , Novak Boškov , Lawrence Drabeck , Aditya Gudal , Manzoor A. Khan

Text-to-SQL systems enable users to query databases using natural language, democratizing access to data analytics. However, they face challenges in understanding ambiguous phrasing, domain-specific vocabulary, and complex schema…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Tetiana Gladkykh , Kyrylo Kirykov

Text-to-SQL is a challenging task involving multiple reasoning-intensive subtasks, including natural language understanding, database schema comprehension, and precise SQL query formulation. Existing approaches often rely on handcrafted…

The generalizability to new databases is of vital importance to Text-to-SQL systems which aim to parse human utterances into SQL statements. Existing works achieve this goal by leveraging the exact matching method to identify the lexical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-09 Aiwei Liu , Xuming Hu , Li Lin , Lijie Wen

Recently, there has been significant progress in studying neural networks to translate text descriptions into SQL queries. Despite achieving good performance on some public benchmarks, existing text-to-SQL models typically rely on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Yujian Gan , Xinyun Chen , Qiuping Huang , Matthew Purver , John R. Woodward , Jinxia Xie , Pengsheng Huang

The text-to-SQL task is an active challenge in Natural Language Processing. Many existing solutions focus on using black-box language models extended with specialized components within customized end-to-end text-to-SQL pipelines. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Alicja Rączkowska , Riccardo Belluzzo , Piotr Zieliński , Joanna Baran , Paweł Olszewski

Text-to-SQL, the task of translating natural language questions into SQL queries, is part of various business processes. Its automation, which is an emerging challenge, will empower software practitioners to seamlessly interact with…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-10 Yewei Song , Saad Ezzini , Xunzhu Tang , Cedric Lothritz , Jacques Klein , Tegawendé Bissyandé , Andrey Boytsov , Ulrick Ble , Anne Goujon

One of the recent best attempts at Text-to-SQL is the pre-trained language model. Due to the structural property of the SQL queries, the seq2seq model takes the responsibility of parsing both the schema items (i.e., tables and columns) and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Haoyang Li , Jing Zhang , Cuiping Li , Hong Chen

In sophisticated existing Text-to-SQL methods exhibit errors in various proportions, including schema-linking errors (incorrect columns, tables, or extra columns), join errors, nested errors, and group-by errors. Consequently, there is a…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-05-17 Sun Yang , Qiong Su , Zhishuai Li , Ziyue Li , Hangyu Mao , Chenxi Liu , Rui Zhao

Large Language Models (LLMs) often struggle with the precise logic and schema alignment required for complex Text-to-SQL tasks. While current methods rely heavily on static prompting, they lack the ability to dynamically adapt and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Haolin Yang , Jipeng Zhang , Zhitao He , Alexander Zhou , Yi R. Fung

Text-to-SQL translates natural language queries into Structured Query Language (SQL) commands, enabling users to interact with databases using natural language. Essentially, the text-to-SQL task is a text generation task, and its…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Xiaohu Zhu , Qian Li , Lizhen Cui , Yongkang Liu

The text-to-SQL task aims to convert natural language into Structured Query Language (SQL) without bias. Recently, text-to-SQL methods based on large language models (LLMs) have garnered significant attention. The core of mainstream…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Zeshun You , Jiebin Yao , Dong Cheng , Zhiwei Wen , Zhiliang Lu , Xianyi Shen

Text-to-SQL is a task that converts a natural language question into a structured query language (SQL) to retrieve information from a database. Large language models (LLMs) work well in natural language generation tasks, but they are not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-04 Chunxi Guo , Zhiliang Tian , Jintao Tang , Pancheng Wang , Zhihua Wen , Kang Yang , Ting Wang