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The ability to explain why a machine learning model arrives at a particular prediction is crucial when used as decision support by human operators of critical systems. The provided explanations must be provably correct, and preferably…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-06 John Törnblom , Emil Karlsson , Simin Nadjm-Tehrani

The problem of selecting small groups of itemsets that represent the data well has recently gained a lot of attention. We approach the problem by searching for the itemsets that compress the data efficiently. As a compression technique we…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-02-08 Nikolaj Tatti , Jilles Vreeken

Model trees provide an appealing way to perform interpretable machine learning for both classification and regression problems. In contrast to ``classic'' decision trees with constant values in their leaves, model trees can use linear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Sabino Francesco Roselli , Eibe Frank

Large language models achieve strong reasoning performance, yet existing decoding strategies either explore blindly (random sampling) or redundantly (independent multi-sampling). We propose Entropy-Tree, a tree-based decoding method that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Longxuan Wei , Yubo Zhang , Zijiao Zhang , Zhihu Wang , Shiwan Zhao , Tianyu Huang , Huiting Zhao , Chenfei Liu , Shenao Zhang , Junchi Yan

Ren et al. recently introduced a method for aggregating multiple decision trees into a strong predictor by interpreting a path taken by a sample down each tree as a binary vector and performing linear regression on top of these vectors…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-09-05 Nenad Markuš , Ivan Gogić , Igor S. Pandžić , Jörgen Ahlberg

When using machine learning for imbalanced binary classification problems, it is common to subsample the majority class to create a (more) balanced training dataset. This biases the model's predictions because the model learns from data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Nathan Phelps , Daniel J. Lizotte , Douglas G. Woolford

In this article, we have proposed several approaches for post processing a large ensemble of prediction models or rules. The results from our simulations show that the post processing methods we have considered here are promising. We have…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-03-19 Deniz Akdemir

The high performance of tree ensemble classifiers benefits from a large set of rules, which, in turn, makes the models hard to understand. To improve interpretability, existing methods extract a subset of rules for approximation using model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Zhen Li , Weikai Yang , Jun Yuan , Jing Wu , Changjian Chen , Yao Ming , Fan Yang , Hui Zhang , Shixia Liu

We propose a procedure to build a decision tree which approximates the performance of complex machine learning models. This single approximation tree can be used to interpret and simplify the predicting pattern of random forests (RFs) and…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-10-31 Yichen Zhou , Giles Hooker

We study how to utilize (possibly machine-learned) predictions in a model for computing under uncertainty in which an algorithm can query unknown data. The goal is to minimize the number of queries needed to solve the problem. We consider…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-11-09 Thomas Erlebach , Murilo S. de Lima , Nicole Megow , Jens Schlöter

In recent years, the use of sophisticated statistical models that influence decisions in domains of high societal relevance is on the rise. Although these models can often bring substantial improvements in the accuracy and efficiency of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Alfredo Carrillo , Luis F. Cantú , Alejandro Noriega

Sparse decision tree optimization has been one of the most fundamental problems in AI since its inception and is a challenge at the core of interpretable machine learning. Sparse decision tree optimization is computationally hard, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-07 Hayden McTavish , Chudi Zhong , Reto Achermann , Ilias Karimalis , Jacques Chen , Cynthia Rudin , Margo Seltzer

Decision tree ensembles (DTE) are a popular model for a wide range of AI classification tasks, used in multiple safety critical domains, and hence verifying properties on these models has been an active topic of study over the last decade.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-14 S. Akshay , Chaitanya Garg , Ashutosh Gupta , Kuldeep S. Meel , Ajinkya Naik

Dynamic regression trees are an attractive option for automatic regression and classification with complicated response surfaces in on-line application settings. We create a sequential tree model whose state changes in time with the…

Methodology · Statistics 2010-11-23 Matthew A. Taddy , Robert B. Gramacy , Nicholas G. Polson

The main goal of this paper is to describe a new pruning method for solving decision trees and game trees. The pruning method for decision trees suggests a slight variant of decision trees that we call scenario trees. In scenario trees, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-02-21 Prakash P. Shenoy

Tree ensembles are flexible predictive models that can capture relevant variables and to some extent their interactions in a compact and interpretable manner. Most algorithms for obtaining tree ensembles are based on versions of boosting or…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-02-21 Gitesh Dawer , Yangzi Guo , Adrian Barbu

Given a tree of weighted vertices, it is sometimes possible to break the tree into two equally-weighted subtrees within an allowable error. We give a fast algorithm that finds an edge which breaks the tree into equal-weight components or…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-11-13 Corinne Mulvey

Within machine learning, the supervised learning field aims at modeling the input-output relationship of a system, from past observations of its behavior. Decision trees characterize the input-output relationship through a series of nested…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-05-20 Arnaud Joly

EXplainable AI has received significant attention in recent years. Machine learning models often operate as black boxes, lacking explainability and transparency while supporting decision-making processes. Local post-hoc explainability…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Gianvincenzo Alfano , Sergio Greco , Domenico Mandaglio , Francesco Parisi , Reza Shahbazian , Irina Trubitsyna

The assumption of positivity in causal inference (also known as common support and co-variate overlap) is necessary to obtain valid causal estimates. Therefore, confirming it holds in a given dataset is an important first step of any causal…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-07-19 Ehud Karavani , Peter Bak , Yishai Shimoni