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Related papers: A comparison of Vector Symbolic Architectures

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Vector Symbolic Architectures (VSAs) are high-dimensional vector representations of objects (eg., words, image parts), relations (eg., sentence structures), and sequences for use with machine learning algorithms. They consist of a vector…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-02-02 Stephen I. Gallant , T. Wendy Okaywe

This article reviews recent progress in the development of the computing framework vector symbolic architectures (VSA) (also known as hyperdimensional computing). This framework is well suited for implementation in stochastic, emerging…

Hyperdimensional computing (HDC) is a biologically-inspired framework which represents symbols with high-dimensional vectors, and uses vector operations to manipulate them. The ensemble of a particular vector space and a prescribed set of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-16 Kenneth L. Clarkson , Shashanka Ubaru , Elizabeth Yang

Vector Symbolic Architectures (VSAs) have been widely deployed in various cognitive applications due to their simple and efficient operations. The widespread adoption of VSAs has, in turn, spurred the development of numerous hardware…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Shuting Du , Mohamed Ibrahim , Zishen Wan , Luqi Zheng , Boheng Zhao , Zhenkun Fan , Che-Kai Liu , Tushar Krishna , Arijit Raychowdhury , Haitong Li

Symbolic reasoning and neural networks are often considered incompatible approaches. Connectionist models known as Vector Symbolic Architectures (VSAs) can potentially bridge this gap. However, classical VSAs and neural networks are still…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-09-16 E. Paxon Frady , Denis Kleyko , Friedrich T. Sommer

Connectionist approaches to machine learning, \emph{i.e.} neural networks, are enjoying a considerable vogue right now. However, these methods require large volumes of data and produce models that are uninterpretable to humans. An…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Nolan P Shaw , P Michael Furlong , Britt Anderson , Jeff Orchard

Vector space models for symbolic processing that encode symbols by random vectors have been proposed in cognitive science and connectionist communities under the names Vector Symbolic Architecture (VSA), and, synonymously, Hyperdimensional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-09 E. Paxon Frady , Denis Kleyko , Christopher J. Kymn , Bruno A. Olshausen , Friedrich T. Sommer

This is Part II of the two-part comprehensive survey devoted to a computing framework most commonly known under the names Hyperdimensional Computing and Vector Symbolic Architectures (HDC/VSA). Both names refer to a family of computational…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Denis Kleyko , Dmitri A. Rachkovskij , Evgeny Osipov , Abbas Rahimi

Transformer-based language models display impressive reasoning-like behavior, yet remain brittle on tasks that require stable symbolic manipulation. This paper develops a unified perspective on these phenomena by interpreting self-attention…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Sahil Rajesh Dhayalkar

Vector Symbolic Architectures (VSAs) are a powerful framework for representing compositional reasoning. They lend themselves to neural-network implementations, allowing us to create neural networks that can perform cognitive functions, like…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Jeff Orchard , Russell Jarvis

Vector-symbolic architectures (VSAs) provide methods for computing which are highly flexible and carry unique advantages. Concepts in VSAs are represented by 'symbols,' long vectors of values which utilize properties of high-dimensional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-20 Wilkie Olin-Ammentorp Maxim Bazhenov

Vector Symbolic Architectures (VSAs) give a way to represent a complex object as a single fixed-length vector, so that similar objects have similar vector representations. These vector representations then become easy to use for machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-11 Stephen I. Gallant

This two-part comprehensive survey is devoted to a computing framework most commonly known under the names Hyperdimensional Computing and Vector Symbolic Architectures (HDC/VSA). Both names refer to a family of computational models that use…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Denis Kleyko , Dmitri A. Rachkovskij , Evgeny Osipov , Abbas Rahimi

Hyperdimensional computing (HDC), also known as vector symbolic architectures (VSA), is a computing framework used within artificial intelligence and cognitive computing that operates with distributed vector representations of large fixed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-18 Dmitri A. Rachkovskij , Denis Kleyko

While Vector Symbolic Architectures (VSAs) are promising for modelling spatial cognition, their application is currently limited to artificially generated images and simple spatial queries. We propose VSA4VQA - a novel 4D implementation of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Anna Penzkofer , Lei Shi , Andreas Bulling

Vector Symbolic Architectures (VSAs) are one approach to developing Neuro-symbolic AI, where two vectors in $\mathbb{R}^d$ are `bound' together to produce a new vector in the same space. VSAs support the commutativity and associativity of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Mohammad Mahmudul Alam , Alexander Oberle , Edward Raff , Stella Biderman , Tim Oates , James Holt

Combined, joint, intra-governmental, inter-agency and multinational (CJIIM) operations require rapid data sharing without the bottlenecks of metadata curation and alignment. Curation and alignment is particularly infeasible for external…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Cai Davies , Sam Meek , Philip Hawkins , Benomy Tutcher , Graham Bent , Alun Preece

Background / introduction. Vector symbolic architectures (VSA) are a viable approach for the hyperdimensional representation of symbolic data, such as documents, syntactic structures, or semantic frames. Methods. We present a rigorous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-28 Peter beim Graben , Markus Huber , Werner Meyer , Ronald Römer , Matthias Wolff

Image-to-image translation has played an important role in enabling synthetic data for computer vision. However, if the source and target domains have a large semantic mismatch, existing techniques often suffer from source content…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Justin Theiss , Jay Leverett , Daeil Kim , Aayush Prakash

Neither deep neural networks nor symbolic AI alone has approached the kind of intelligence expressed in humans. This is mainly because neural networks are not able to decompose joint representations to obtain distinct objects (the so-called…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Michael Hersche , Mustafa Zeqiri , Luca Benini , Abu Sebastian , Abbas Rahimi
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