Related papers: A note on causation versus correlation
Time-irreversibility is a distinctive feature of non-equilibrium dynamics and several measures of irreversibility have been introduced to assess the distance from thermal equilibrium of a stochastically driven system. While the dynamical…
The interaction of two binary variables, assumed to be empirical observations, has three degrees of freedom when expressed as a matrix of frequencies. Usually, the size of causal influence of one variable on the other is calculated as a…
Causality is typically treated an all-or-nothing concept; either A is a cause of B or it is not. We extend the definition of causality introduced by Halpern and Pearl [2001] to take into account the degree of responsibility of A for B. For…
Causality analysis is a powerful tool for determining cause-and-effect relationships between variables in a system by quantifying the influence of one variable on another. Despite significant advancements in the field, many existing studies…
Temporal data, representing chronological observations of complex systems, has always been a typical data structure that can be widely generated by many domains, such as industry, medicine and finance. Analyzing this type of data is…
Bell scenarios are multipartite scenarios that exclude any communication between parties. This constraint leads to a strict hierarchy of correlation sets in such scenarios, namely, classical, quantum, and nonsignaling. However, without any…
Retrocausal models of QM add further weight to the conflict between causality and the possible existence of free will. We analyze a simple closed causal loop ensuing from the interaction between two systems with opposing thermodynamic time…
This paper discusses system consequence, a central idea in the project to lift the theory of information flow to the abstract level of universal logic and the theory of institutions. The theory of information flow is a theory of distributed…
The synchronization of rhythms is ubiquitous in both natural and engineered systems, and the demand for data-driven analysis is growing. When rhythms arise from limit cycles, phase reduction theory shows that their dynamics are universally…
Classically the kinetic theory for a perfect gas has zero spatial number density correlation between separate points because the particles are independent. But the joint spatial and temporal correlation is non-zero (and easily calculable)…
The possibility of non-causal signal propagation is examined for various theories of dense matter. This investigation requires a discussion of definitions of causality, together with interpretations of spacetime position. Specific examples…
We consider the phenomenon of mutual synchronization in a fundamental quantum system of two detuned quantum harmonic oscillators dissipating into the environment. We identify the conditions leading to this spontaneous phenomenon showing…
An appeal for symmetry is made to build established notions of specific representation and specific nonlinearity of measurement (often called model error) into a canonical linear regression model. Additive components are derived from the…
Causality imposes strong restrictions on the type of operators that may be observables in relativistic quantum theories. In fact, causal violations arise when computing conditional probabilities for certain partial causally connected…
Acoustic perturbations in a parallel relativistic flow of an inviscid fluid are considered. The general expression for the frequency of the sound waves in a uniformly (with zero shear) moving medium is derived. It is shown that relativity…
Consider two stationary time series with heavy-tailed marginal distributions. We aim to detect whether they have a causal relation, that is, if a change in one causes a change in the other. Usual methods for causal discovery are not well…
Background: Symbolic models, particularly decision trees, are widely used in software engineering for explainable analytics in defect prediction, configuration tuning, and software quality assessment. Most of these models rely on…
Quantum theory is a mathematical formalism to compute probabilities for outcomes happenning in physical experiments. These outcomes constitute events happening in space-time. One of these events represents the fact that a system located in…
Bell non-local correlations cannot be naturally explained in a fixed causal structure. This serves as a motivation for considering models where no global assumption is made beyond logical consistency. The assumption of a fixed causal order…
The implications of causality, as captured by the Kramers-Kronig relations between the real and imaginary parts of a linear response function, are familiar parts of the physics curriculum. In 1937, Bode derived a similar relation between…