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Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in natural language tasks but still face challenges in Question Answering (QA) tasks requiring complex, multi-step reasoning. We outline the types of reasoning required in some of these tasks, and reframe…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Nick Ferguson , Liane Guillou , Alan Bundy , Kwabena Nuamah

Dialogue agents, which perform specific tasks, are part of the long-term goal of NLP researchers to build intelligent agents that communicate with humans in natural language. Such systems should adapt easily from one domain to another to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Jesse Atuhurra , Hidetaka Kamigaito , Taro Watanabe , Eric Nichols

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive performance on reasoning benchmarks like math and logic. While many works have largely assumed well-defined tasks, real-world queries are often underspecified and only solvable by acquiring…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Belinda Z. Li , Been Kim , Zi Wang

Question answering (QA) system aims at retrieving precise information from a large collection of documents against a query. This paper describes the architecture of a Natural Language Question Answering (NLQA) system for a specific domain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2013-11-14 Athira P. M. , Sreeja M. , P. C. Reghu Raj

To build robust question answering systems, we need the ability to verify whether answers to questions are truly correct, not just "good enough" in the context of imperfect QA datasets. We explore the use of natural language inference (NLI)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Jifan Chen , Eunsol Choi , Greg Durrett

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been showing promising results for various NLP-tasks without the explicit need to be trained for these tasks by using few-shot or zero-shot prompting techniques. A common NLP-task is question-answering…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Kevin Fischer , Darren Fürst , Sebastian Steindl , Jakob Lindner , Ulrich Schäfer

Question answering (QA), giving correct answers to questions, is a popular task, but we test reverse question answering (RQA): for an input answer, give a question with that answer. Past work tests QA and RQA separately, but we test them…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Nishant Balepur , Feng Gu , Abhilasha Ravichander , Shi Feng , Jordan Boyd-Graber , Rachel Rudinger

The question-answering (QA) simulator is a model that mimics real student learning behaviors and predicts their correctness of their responses to questions. QA simulators enable educational recommender systems (ERS) to collect large amounts…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Haipeng Liu , Ting Long , Jing Fu

Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Models (LLMs), which incorporate the non-parametric knowledge from external knowledge bases into LLMs, have emerged as a promising approach to enhancing response accuracy in several tasks, such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Soyeong Jeong , Jinheon Baek , Sukmin Cho , Sung Ju Hwang , Jong C. Park

Question Answering (QA) is a task in natural language processing that has seen considerable growth after the advent of transformers. There has been a surge in QA datasets that have been proposed to challenge natural language processing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-08 Kate Pearce , Tiffany Zhan , Aneesh Komanduri , Justin Zhan

Question Answering (QA) over Knowledge Base (KB) aims to automatically answer natural language questions via well-structured relation information between entities stored in knowledge bases. In order to make KBQA more applicable in actual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Bin Fu , Yunqi Qiu , Chengguang Tang , Yang Li , Haiyang Yu , Jian Sun

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant capabilities, particularly in the domain of question answering (QA). However, their effectiveness in QA is often undermined by the vagueness of user questions. To address this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Junhao Chen , Bowen Wang , Zhouqiang Jiang , Yuta Nakashima

Large pre-trained language models (LMs) have been shown to perform surprisingly well when fine-tuned on tasks that require commonsense and world knowledge. However, in end-to-end architectures, it is difficult to explain what is the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-14 Veronica Latcinnik , Jonathan Berant

The paper presents a comparative study of state-of-the-art approaches for question classification task: Logistic Regression, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Long Short-Term Memory Network (LSTM) and Quasi-Recurrent Neural Networks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-06 Tamirlan Seidakhmetov

Understanding and classifying query intents can improve retrieval effectiveness by helping align search results with the motivations behind user queries. However, existing intent taxonomies are typically derived from system log data and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Melanie A. Kilian , David Elsweiler

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable performance across various tasks, prompting researchers to develop diverse evaluation benchmarks. However, most benchmarks typically measure the ability of LLMs to respond to individual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Yutao Hou , Yajing Luo , Zhiwen Ruan , Hongru Wang , Weifeng Ge , Yun Chen , Guanhua Chen

Visual Question Answering (VQA) concerns providing answers to Natural Language questions about images. Several deep neural network approaches have been proposed to model the task in an end-to-end fashion. Whereas the task is grounded in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-02-03 Mehrdad Alizadeh , Barbara Di Eugenio

Ambiguity remains a fundamental challenge in Natural Language Processing (NLP) due to the inherent complexity and flexibility of human language. With the advent of Large Language Models (LLMs), addressing ambiguity has become even more…

Question answering over knowledge bases (KBQA) aims to answer factoid questions with a given knowledge base (KB). Due to the large scale of KB, annotated data is impossible to cover all fact schemas in KB, which poses a challenge to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Chuanyuan Tan , Yuehe Chen , Wenbiao Shao , Wenliang Chen

Medical question-answering (QA) is a critical task for evaluating how effectively large language models (LLMs) encode clinical knowledge and assessing their potential applications in medicine. Despite showing promise on multiple-choice…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Guangfu Guo , Kai Zhang , Bryan Hoo , Yujun Cai , Xiaoqian Lu , Nanyun Peng , Yiwei Wang