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A question-answering (QA) system is to search suitable answers within a knowledge base. Current QA systems struggle with queries requiring complex reasoning or real-time knowledge integration. They are often supplemented with retrieval…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Sizhe Yuen , Ting Su , Ziyang Wang , Yali Du , Adam J. Sobey

Natural language understanding (NLU) of text is a fundamental challenge in AI, and it has received significant attention throughout the history of NLP research. This primary goal has been studied under different tasks, such as Question…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-15 Daniel Khashabi

Question Answering System (QAS) is used for information retrieval and natural language processing (NLP) to reduce human effort. There are numerous QAS based on the user documents present today, but they all are limited to providing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-01-02 Ahlam Ansari , Moonish Maknojia , Altamash Shaikh

Open-domain question answering (Open-QA) is a common task for evaluating large language models (LLMs). However, current Open-QA evaluations are criticized for the ambiguity in questions and the lack of semantic understanding in evaluators.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Peiran Yao , Denilson Barbosa

By virtue of being prevalently written in natural language (NL), requirements are prone to various defects, e.g., inconsistency and incompleteness. As such, requirements are frequently subject to quality assurance processes. These…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Saad Ezzini , Sallam Abualhaija , Chetan Arora , Mehrdad Sabetzadeh

Question Answering (QA) is not a new research field in Natural Language Processing (NLP). However in recent years, QA has been a subject of growing study. Nowadays, most of the QA systems have a similar pipelined architecture and each…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2012-05-09 Ricardo Pires

Question Answering (QA) is the task of automatically answering questions posed by humans in natural languages. There are different settings to answer a question, such as abstractive, extractive, boolean, and multiple-choice QA. As a popular…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-07 Zhichao Duan , Xiuxing Li , Zhengyan Zhang , Zhenyu Li , Ning Liu , Jianyong Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have rapidly improved text embeddings for a growing array of natural-language processing tasks. However, their opaqueness and proliferation into scientific domains such as neuroscience have created a growing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Vinamra Benara , Chandan Singh , John X. Morris , Richard Antonello , Ion Stoica , Alexander G. Huth , Jianfeng Gao

Text-based Question Answering (QA) is a challenging task which aims at finding short concrete answers for users' questions. This line of research has been widely studied with information retrieval techniques and has received increasing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-05-28 Zahra Abbasiantaeb , Saeedeh Momtazi

This thesis report studies methods to solve Visual Question-Answering (VQA) tasks with a Deep Learning framework. As a preliminary step, we explore Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks used in Natural Language Processing (NLP) to tackle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-10-11 Issey Masuda , Santiago Pascual de la Puente , Xavier Giro-i-Nieto

Question-answering (QA) that comes naturally to humans is a critical component in seamless human-computer interaction. It has emerged as one of the most convenient and natural methods to interact with the web and is especially desirable in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Deepak Gupta

This work aims to address the problem of image-based question-answering (QA) with new models and datasets. In our work, we propose to use neural networks and visual semantic embeddings, without intermediate stages such as object detection…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-12-01 Mengye Ren , Ryan Kiros , Richard Zemel

Systematic benchmark evaluation plays an important role in the process of improving technologies for Question Answering (QA) systems. While currently there are a number of existing evaluation methods for natural language (NL) QA systems,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-21 Takuto Asakura , Jin-Dong Kim , Yasunori Yamamoto , Yuka Tateisi , Toshihisa Takagi

The last several years have seen intensive interest in exploring neural-network-based models for machine comprehension (MC) and question answering (QA). In this paper, we approach the problems by closely modelling questions in a neural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-03-28 Junbei Zhang , Xiaodan Zhu , Qian Chen , Lirong Dai , Si Wei , Hui Jiang

This paper surveys the development of large language model (LLM)-based agents for question answering (QA). Traditional agents face significant limitations, including substantial data requirements and difficulty in generalizing to new…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Murong Yue

Question Answering (QA) has been a long-standing research topic in AI and NLP fields, and a wealth of studies have been conducted to attempt to equip QA systems with human-level reasoning capability. To approximate the complicated human…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-10-08 Kuan Wang , Yuyu Zhang , Diyi Yang , Le Song , Tao Qin

Machine comprehension of text is an important problem in natural language processing. A recently released dataset, the Stanford Question Answering Dataset (SQuAD), offers a large number of real questions and their answers created by humans…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-11-08 Shuohang Wang , Jing Jiang

In the recent past, Natural language Inference (NLI) has gained significant attention, particularly given its promise for downstream NLP tasks. However, its true impact is limited and has not been well studied. Therefore, in this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Anshuman Mishra , Dhruvesh Patel , Aparna Vijayakumar , Xiang Li , Pavan Kapanipathi , Kartik Talamadupula

For a natural language problem that requires some non-trivial reasoning to solve, there are at least two ways to do it using a large language model (LLM). One is to ask it to solve it directly. The other is to use it to extract the facts…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Fangzhen Lin , Ziyi Shou , Chengcai Chen

When evaluating an answer choice for Reading Comprehension task, other answer choices available for the question and the answers of related questions about the same paragraph often provide valuable information. In this paper, we propose a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Rajkumar Pujari , Dan Goldwasser