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Program synthesis is the process of generating a computer program following a set of specifications, such as a set of input-output examples. It can be modeled as a search problem in which the search space is the set of all valid programs.…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Matheus Campos Fernandes

Semantics-Guided Synthesis (SemGuS) provides a framework to specify synthesis problems in a solver-agnostic and domain-agnostic way, by allowing a user to provide both the syntax and semantics of the language in which the desired program…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Charlie Murphy , Keith Johnson , Thomas Reps , Loris D'Antoni

Formal verification provides a rigorous and systematic approach to ensure the correctness and reliability of software systems. Yet, constructing specifications for the full proof relies on domain expertise and non-trivial manpower. In view…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Cheng Wen , Jialun Cao , Jie Su , Zhiwu Xu , Shengchao Qin , Mengda He , Haokun Li , Shing-Chi Cheung , Cong Tian

Our goal is to build systems which write code automatically from the kinds of specifications humans can most easily provide, such as examples and natural language instruction. The key idea of this work is that a flexible combination of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-06-06 Maxwell Nye , Luke Hewitt , Joshua Tenenbaum , Armando Solar-Lezama

The classical formulation of the program-synthesis problem is to find a program that meets a correctness specification given as a logical formula. Syntax-guided synthesis (SyGuS) is a standardized format for specifying the correctness…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Saswat Padhi , Elizabeth Polgreen , Mukund Raghothaman , Andrew Reynolds , Abhishek Udupa

In this paper, we propose a new data synthesis method called \textbf{LogicPro}, which leverages LeetCode-style algorithm \underline{Pro}blems and their corresponding \underline{Pro}gram solutions to synthesize Complex \underline{Logic}al…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Jin Jiang , Yuchen Yan , Yang Liu , Jianing Wang , Shuai Peng , Xunliang Cai , Yixin Cao , Mengdi Zhang , Liangcai Gao

Neural models excel at extracting statistical patterns from large amounts of data, but struggle to learn patterns or reason about language from only a few examples. In this paper, we ask: Can we learn explicit rules that generalize well…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Saujas Vaduguru , Aalok Sathe , Monojit Choudhury , Dipti Misra Sharma

Synthesizing programs using example input/outputs is a classic problem in artificial intelligence. We present a method for solving Programming By Example (PBE) problems by using a neural model to guide the search of a constraint logic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-29 Lisa Zhang , Gregory Rosenblatt , Ethan Fetaya , Renjie Liao , William E. Byrd , Matthew Might , Raquel Urtasun , Richard Zemel

We are interested in understanding how well Transformer language models (TLMs) can perform reasoning tasks when trained on knowledge encoded in the form of natural language. We investigate their systematic generalization abilities on a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-22 Nicolas Gontier , Koustuv Sinha , Siva Reddy , Christopher Pal

Many software development problems can be addressed by program analysis tools, which traditionally are based on precise, logical reasoning and heuristics to ensure that the tools are practical. Recent work has shown tremendous success…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-04-09 Michael Pradel , Satish Chandra

We present the first technique to synthesize programs that compose side-effecting functions, pure functions, and control flow, from partial traces containing records of only the side-effecting functions. This technique can be applied to…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Margarida Ferreira , Victor Nicolet , Joey Dodds , Daniel Kroening

We draw a formal connection between using synthetic training data to optimize neural network parameters and approximate, Bayesian, model-based reasoning. In particular, training a neural network using synthetic data can be viewed as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-03-03 Tuan Anh Le , Atilim Gunes Baydin , Robert Zinkov , Frank Wood

Reactive synthesis transforms a specification of a reactive system, given in a temporal logic, into an implementation. The main advantage of synthesis is that it is automatic. The main disadvantage is that the implementation is usually very…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Tom Baumeister , Bernd Finkbeiner , Hazem Torfah

Temporal logics are powerful tools that are widely used for the synthesis and verification of reactive systems. The recent progress on Large Language Models (LLMs) has the potential to make the process of writing such specifications more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-12 William Murphy , Nikolaus Holzer , Nathan Koenig , Leyi Cui , Raven Rothkopf , Feitong Qiao , Mark Santolucito

Testing has become an indispensable activity of software development, yet writing good and relevant tests remains a quite challenging task. One well-known problem is that it often is impossible or unrealistic to test for every outcome, as…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2017-08-18 Dimitri Racordon , Didier Buchs

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being used to automate programming tasks. Yet, LLMs' capabilities in reasoning about program semantics are still inadequately studied, leaving significant potential for further exploration. This…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Thanh Le-Cong , Bach Le , Toby Murray

How can we perform computations over natural language representations to solve tasks that require symbolic and numeric reasoning? We propose natural language embedded programs (NLEP) as a unifying framework for addressing math/symbolic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Tianhua Zhang , Jiaxin Ge , Hongyin Luo , Yung-Sung Chuang , Mingye Gao , Yuan Gong , Xixin Wu , Yoon Kim , Helen Meng , James Glass

We present a Neural Program Search, an algorithm to generate programs from natural language description and a small number of input/output examples. The algorithm combines methods from Deep Learning and Program Synthesis fields by designing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-02-14 Illia Polosukhin , Alexander Skidanov

We target the problem of automatically synthesizing proofs of semantic equivalence between two programs made of sequences of statements. We represent programs using abstract syntax trees (AST), where a given set of semantics-preserving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Steve Kommrusch , Martin Monperrus , Louis-Noël Pouchet