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Mathematical reasoning demands two critical, complementary skills: constructing rigorous proofs for true statements and discovering counterexamples that disprove false ones. However, current AI efforts in mathematics focus almost…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Zenan Li , Zhaoyu Li , Kaiyu Yang , Xiaoxing Ma , Zhendong Su

Automatically generating formal specifications including loop invariants, preconditions, and postconditions for legacy code is critical for program understanding, reuse and verification. However, the inherent complexity of control and data…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Fanpeng Yang , Xu Ma , Shuling Wang , Xiong Xu , Qinxiang Cao , Naijun Zhan , Xiaofeng Li , Bin Gu

We consider the problem of parsing natural language descriptions into source code written in a general-purpose programming language like Python. Existing data-driven methods treat this problem as a language generation task without…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-04-07 Pengcheng Yin , Graham Neubig

Language models for program synthesis are usually trained and evaluated on programming competition datasets (MBPP, APPS). However, these datasets are limited in size and quality, while these language models are extremely data hungry.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Noah van der Vleuten

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown superior capability to solve reasoning problems with programs. While being a promising direction, most of such frameworks are trained and evaluated in settings with a prior knowledge of task…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Yuan Yang , Siheng Xiong , Ali Payani , Ehsan Shareghi , Faramarz Fekri

Deep neural networks have achieved impressive supervised classification performance in many tasks including image recognition, speech recognition, and sequence to sequence learning. However, this success has not been translated to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-08-05 Arvind Neelakantan , Quoc V. Le , Ilya Sutskever

We present a tractable method for synthesizing arbitrarily large concurrent programs, for a shared memory model with common hardware-available primitives such as atomic registers, compare-and-swap, load-linked/store conditional, etc. The…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2008-01-14 Paul C. Attie

Natural language (NL) to code suggestion systems assist developers in Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) by translating NL utterances into compilable code snippet. The current approaches mainly involve hard-coded, rule-based systems…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Mitodru Niyogi

Synthesis is the automatic construction of a system from its specification. In classical synthesis algorithms it is always assumed that the system is "constructed from scratch" rather than composed from reusable components. This, of course,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2011-11-10 Yoad Lustig , Moshe Vardi

Formal verification provides strong guarantees of correctness of software, which are especially important in safety or security critical systems. Hoare logic is a widely used formalism for rigorous verification of software against…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-03-11 Jayaraj Poroor

Program synthesis of general-purpose source code from natural language specifications is challenging due to the need to reason about high-level patterns in the target program and low-level implementation details at the same time. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-06 Richard Shin , Miltiadis Allamanis , Marc Brockschmidt , Oleksandr Polozov

Neural networks (NNs) are emerging as powerful tools to represent the dynamics of control systems with complicated physics or black-box components. Due to complexity of NNs, however, existing methods are unable to synthesize complex…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-22 Steven Adams , Morteza Lahijanian , Luca Laurenti

The article outlines the methodology of structural and parametric synthesis of neural network controllers for controlling objects with limiters under incomplete information about the controlled object. Artificial neural networks are used to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Sergey Feofilov , Dmitry Khapkin , Andrey Kozyr , Eduard Heiss , Andrey Efromeev

Formal explainability guarantees the rigor of computed explanations, and so it is paramount in domains where rigor is critical, including those deemed high-risk. Unfortunately, since its inception formal explainability has been hampered by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Xuanxiang Huang , Joao Marques-Silva

Competitive programming poses a significant challenge for Code LLMs. While recent models have shown promise, they heavily rely on finite real-world data, raising concerns about scalability and contamination. In this paper, we investigate a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Jie Wu , Haoling Li , Xin Zhang , Jiani Guo , Jane Luo , Steven Liu , Yangyu Huang , Ruihang Chu , Scarlett Li , Yujiu Yang

Human reasoning can often be understood as an interplay between two systems: the intuitive and associative ("System 1") and the deliberative and logical ("System 2"). Neural sequence models -- which have been increasingly successful at…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-12-16 Maxwell Nye , Michael Henry Tessler , Joshua B. Tenenbaum , Brenden M. Lake

Generating sub-optimal synthesis transformation sequences ("synthesis recipe") is an important problem in logic synthesis. Manually crafted synthesis recipes have poor quality. State-of-the art machine learning (ML) works to generate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-13 Animesh Basak Chowdhury , Benjamin Tan , Ryan Carey , Tushit Jain , Ramesh Karri , Siddharth Garg

Given a specification and a set of candidate programs (program space), the program synthesis problem is to find a candidate program that satisfies the specification. We present the synthesis through unification (STUN) approach, which is an…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2015-05-22 Rajeev Alur , Pavol Cerny , Arjun Radhakrishna

Pragmatic reasoning helps interlocutors infer intended meaning from ambiguous or underspecified messages by considering shared context and counterfactual alternatives. Similar challenges arise in natural language-to-code generation, where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Zhuchen Cao , Sven Apel , Adish Singla , Vera Demberg

A modern approach to engineering correct-by-construction systems is to synthesize them automatically from formal specifications. Oftentimes, a system can only satisfy its guarantees if certain environment assumptions hold, which motivates…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-10 Roderick Bloem , Ruediger Ehlers , Robert Koenighofer
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