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In quantum mechanics, each conserved quantity (e.g., energy, position, linear momentum and angular momentum) is associated with a Hermitian operator. Its expected value can then be determined by performing a measurement on the wavefunction.…

Identification of nonorthogonal quantum states without error is crucial for various applications in quantum information technology, as well as the foundations of quantum physics. Theoretical studies have proposed measurements that maximize…

We developed a method to characterize arbitrary superpositions of light orbital angular momentum (OAM) with high fidelity by using astigmatic tomography and machine learning processing. In order to define each superposition unequivocally,…

Sorting and separation of microparticles is a challenging problem of interdisciplinary nature. Existing technologies can differentiate microparticles by their bulk properties, such as size, density, electric polarizability, etc. The next…

Orbital angular momentum (OAM) of photons is carried upon the wave front of an optical vortex and is important in physics research due to its fundamental degree of freedom. As for the interaction with materials, the optical OAM was shown to…

A key concept of quantum information theory is that accessing information encoded in a quantum system requires us to discriminate between several possible states the system could be in. A natural generalization of this problem, namely,…

We demonstrate an experimental method to generate arbitrary non-separable states of light using polarization and orbital angular momentum (OAM) degrees of freedom. We observe the intensity distribution corresponding to OAM modes of the…

We investigate optimal discrimination between two projective single-qubit measurements in a scenario where the measurement can be performed only once. We consider general setting involving a tunable fraction of inconclusive outcomes and we…

We investigate optimal discrimination between two projective quantum measurements on a single qubit. We consider scenario where the measurement that should be identified can be performed twice and we show that adaptive discrimination…

We measure the absolute absorption cross section of molecules using a matter-wave interferometer. A nanostructured density distribution is imprinted onto a dilute molecular beam through quantum interference. As the beam crosses the light…

Using no conventional measurements in position space, information extraction rates exceeding one bit per photon are achieved by employing high-dimensional correlated orbital angular momentum (OAM) states for object recognition. The…

Existing algorithms for the optimal control of quantum observables are based on locally optimal steps in the space of control fields, or as in the case of genetic algorithms, operate on the basis of heuristics that do not explicitly take…

Supersonic beams of polar molecules are deflected using inhomogeneous electric fields. The quantum-state selectivity of the deflection is used to spatially separate molecules according to their quantum state. A detailed analysis of the…

An algorithm based on quantum phase estimation, which discriminates quantum states nondestructively within a set of arbitrary orthogonal states, is described and experimentally verified by a NMR quantum information processor. The procedure…

The high-dimensional basis of orbital angular momentum (OAM) has several added and unique advantages for photonics quantum technologies compared to the polarization basis, which is only two-dimensional. However, one of the major roadblocks…

We present a method to efficiently multiply or divide the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light beams using a sequence of two optical elements. The key-element is represented by an optical transformation mapping the azimuthal phase…

State discrimination is a useful test problem with which to clarify the power and limitations of different classes of measurement. We consider the problem of discriminating between given states of a bi-partite quantum system via sequential…

Electron vortex beams carry well-defined orbital angular momentum (OAM) about the propagation axis. Such beams are thus characterised by chirality features which make them potentially useful as probes of magnetic and other chiral materials.…

Spectroscopic photoemission microscopy is a well-established method to investigate the electronic structure of surfaces. In modern photoemission microscopes the electron optics allows imaging of the image plane, momentum plane, or…

A new material characterization technique is emerging for the transmission electron microscope (TEM). Using electron energy-loss spectroscopy, real space mappings of the underlying electronic transitions in the sample, so called orbital…