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Related papers: Counterexamples to "The Blessings of Multiple Caus…

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Concept-based explanation approach is a popular model interpertability tool because it expresses the reasons for a model's predictions in terms of concepts that are meaningful for the domain experts. In this work, we study the problem of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Mohammad Taha Bahadori , David E. Heckerman

The validity OF a causal model can be tested ONLY IF the model imposes constraints ON the probability distribution that governs the generated data. IN the presence OF unmeasured variables, causal models may impose two types OF constraints :…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-01-07 Jin Tian , Judea Pearl

The Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence accumulation is one of the main tools for combining data obtained from multiple sources. In this paper a special case of combination of two bodies of evidence with non-zero conflict coefficient is…

Probability · Mathematics 2011-07-04 Andrzej K. Brodzik , Robert H. Enders

We present an empirical study of debiasing methods for classifiers, showing that debiasers often fail in practice to generalize out-of-sample, and can in fact make fairness worse rather than better. A rigorous evaluation of the debiasing…

In this work, we investigate causal learning of independent causal mechanisms from a Bayesian perspective. Confirming previous claims from the literature, we show in a didactically accessible manner that unlabeled data (i.e., cause…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Bernhard C. Geiger , Roman Kern

Causal inference relies on two fundamental assumptions: ignorability and positivity. We study causal inference when the true confounder value can be expressed as a function of the observed data; we call this setting estimation with…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-02-18 Aahlad Puli , Adler J. Perotte , Rajesh Ranganath

In this extended abstract, we carefully examine a purported counterexample to a postulate of iterated belief revision. We suggest that the example is better seen as a failure to apply the theory of belief revision in sufficient detail. The…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-10-29 Eric Pacuit , Arthur Paul Pedersen , Jan-Willem Romeijn

We propose a method for inferring the existence of a latent common cause ('confounder') of two observed random variables. The method assumes that the two effects of the confounder are (possibly nonlinear) functions of the confounder plus…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2012-05-14 Dominik Janzing , Jonas Peters , Joris Mooij , Bernhard Schoelkopf

In the univariate case, we show that by comparing the individual complexities of univariate cause and effect, one can identify the cause and the effect, without considering their interaction at all. In our framework, complexities are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-25 Tomer Galanti , Ofir Nabati , Lior Wolf

When inferring the causal effect of one variable on another from correlational data, a common practice by professional researchers as well as lay decision makers is to control for some set of exogenous confounding variables. Choosing an…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2023-05-31 Ran Spiegler

In this short note we show, providing counterexamples, that the "two important theorems" in the recent paper [Y, Yuan, Global optimization solutions to a class of non-convex quadratic minimization problems with quadratic constraints, in…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-08-16 C. Zalinescu

We show that there is a general, informative and reliable procedure for discovering causal relations when, for all the investigator knows, both latent variables and selection bias may be at work. Given information about conditional…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-02-21 Peter L. Spirtes , Christopher Meek , Thomas S. Richardson

The contents are divided into two papers "The Monotone Cumulants" (arXiv:0907.4896) and "Conditionally monotone independence" (arXiv:0907.5473).

Probability · Mathematics 2009-07-31 Takahiro Hasebe

We introduce DeCaFlow, a deconfounding causal generative model. Training once per dataset using just observational data and the underlying causal graph, DeCaFlow enables accurate causal inference on continuous variables under the presence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Alejandro Almodóvar , Adrián Javaloy , Juan Parras , Santiago Zazo , Isabel Valera

We prove a multiple recurrence result for arbitrary measure-preserving transformations along polynomials in two variables of the form $m+p_i(n)$, with rationally independent $p_i$'s with zero constant term. This is in contrast to the single…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2019-02-20 Nikos Frantzikinakis , Pavel Zorin-Kranich

It is well known that conditional independence can be used to factorize a joint probability into a multiplication of conditional probabilities. This paper proposes a constructive definition of inter-causal independence, which can be used to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-02-28 Nevin Lianwen Zhang , David L Poole

Discovering causal relationships is a hard task, often hindered by the need for intervention, and often requiring large amounts of data to resolve statistical uncertainty. However, humans quickly arrive at useful causal relationships. One…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2011-12-01 Pedro A. Ortega

This paper (1)shows that the best supported current psychological theory (Cheng, 1997) of how human subjects judge the causal power or influence of variations in presence or absence of one feature on another, given data on their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-02-01 Clark Glymour

The problem of testing mutually exclusive hypotheses with dependent test statistics is considered. Bayesian and frequentist approaches to multiplicity control are studied and compared to help gain understanding as to the effect of test…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-11-21 Sean Chang , James O. Berger

Mechanistic interpretability papers increasingly use causal vocabulary: circuits, mediators, causal abstraction, monosemanticity. Such claims require explicit identification assumptions. A purposive audit of 10 papers across four…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Zezheng Lin , Fengming Liu