Related papers: Magnets in an electric field: hidden forces and mo…
The total linear electromagnetic field momentum $\mathbf P_{\mathrm{em}}$ of a stationary electric dipole $\mathbf p$ in a static magnetic field $\mathbf B$ is considered. The expression $\mathbf P_{\mathrm{em}} = \frac12\mathbf B \times…
A new force on the magnetic dipole, which exists in the presence of both electric and magnetic fields, is described. Its origin due to the `hidden momentum', implications and possible experimental tests are discussed.
Recently there have been suggestions that the Lorentz force law is inconsistent with special relativity. This is difficult to understand, since Einstein invented relativity in order to reconcile electrodynamics with mechanics. Here we…
We consider the positions and velocities of electrons and spinning nuclei and demonstrate that these particles harbour hidden momentum when located in an electromagnetic field. This hidden momentum is present in all atoms and molecules,…
A model calculation using the Darwin Lagrangian is carried out for a magnet consisting of two current-carrying charges constrained by centripetal forces to move in a circular path in the presence of the electric field from a distant…
It is pointed out that Coleman and Van Vleck make a major blunder in their discussion of the Shockly-James paradox by designating relativistic hidden mechanical momentum as the basis for resolution of the paradox. This blunder has had a…
L. H. Thomas, in his 1927 paper, "The Kinematics of an Electron with an Axis", explained the then-anomalous factor of one-half in atomic spin-orbit coupling as due to a relativistic precession of the electron spin axis. Thomas's explanation…
That static electric and magnetic fields can store momentum may be perplexing, but is necessary to ensure total conservation of momentum. Simple situations in which such field momentum is transferred to nearby bodies and point charges have…
The force on electric and magnetic dipoles moving in vacuo is discussed in the general case of time-variable non-uniform fields and time-variable dipole moments, to first order in v/c and neglecting radiation reaction. Emphasis is given to…
The concept of hidden momentum is reviewed and the first rigorous derivation from Maxwell's equations is provided for the electromagnetic force on electrically small perfect electric conductors of arbitrary shape in bandlimited but…
We use an extended version of electrodynamics, which admits the existence of magnetic charges and currents, to discuss how different models for electric and magnetic dipoles do or do not carry hidden momentum under the influence of external…
The interaction of a point charge and a magnetic moment (and by extension a point charge and a solenoid) is explored within well-defined point-charge magnetic-moment models where full calculations are possible. It is shown explicitly how…
The origin of electromagnetic momentum for general static charge-current distributions is examined. The electromagnetic momentum for static electromagnetic fields is derived by implementing conservation of momentum for the sum of mechanical…
It is well known that two permanent magnets of fixed orientation will either always repel or attract one another regardless of the distance between them. However, if one magnet is rotated at sufficient speed, a stable position at a given…
A number of charge-magnet paradoxes have been discussed in the literature, beginning with Shockley's famous 1967 paper, where he introduced the notion of hidden momentum in electromagnetic systems. We discuss all these paradoxes in a…
Hidden momentum is a puzzling phenomenon associated with magnetic dipoles and other extended relativistic systems. We point out that the origin of hidden momentum lies in the effective change of individual particle masses of a composite…
We show that attempts to modify the force on a magnetic dipole by introducing either hidden momentum or internal forces are not correct. The standard textbook result ${\bf F=\nabla(\bmu\cdot B)}$ is correct even in the presence of time…
By using perturbation theory, we show that a hydrogen atom with magnetic moment due to the orbital angular momentum of the electron has "hidden momentum" in the presence of an external electric field. This means that the atomic electronic…
In the paper some regimes of motion of an electric dipole placed in a uniform magnetic field are considered. The motion of both three-dimensional and two-dimensional dipole in the plane perpendicular to the magnetic field is studied. In the…
It is demonstrated, owing to the nonlinearity of QED, that a static charge placed in a strong magnetic field\ $B$\ is a magnetic dipole (besides remaining an electric monopole, as well). Its magnetic moment grows linearly with $B$ as long…