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The use of geometric methods has proved useful in the hamiltonian description of classical constrained systems. In this note we provide the first steps toward the description of the geometry of quantum constrained systems. We make use of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Alejandro Corichi

We characterize good clocks, which are naturally subject to fluctuations, in statistical terms. We also obtain the master equation that governs the evolution of quantum systems according to these clocks and find its general solution. This…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Inigo L. Egusquiza , Luis J. Garay , Jose M. Raya

Open systems acquire time-dependent coupling constants through interaction with an external field or environment. We generalize the Lewis-Riesenfeld invariant theorem to open system of quantum fields after second quantization. The…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-07-19 S. P. Kim , A. E. Santana , F. C. Khanna

We consider a quaternionic quantum formalism for the description of quantum states and quantum dynamics. We prove that generalized quantum measurements on physical systems in quaternionic quantum theory can be simulated by usual quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-07-29 Matthew A. Graydon

In general-covariant theories the Hamiltonian is a constraint, and hence there is no time evolution; this is the problem of time. In the subcritical free string, the Hamiltonian ceases to be a constraint after quantization due to conformal…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 T. A. Larsson

The quaternionic description of semiconductor single-electron devices is given in the single-electron regime. The conversion scheme of complex value Hamiltonian into a quaternion is formulated for the case of single-electron semiconductor…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-06-23 Wojciech Nowakowski , Krzysztof Pomorski

In quantum experiments the acquisition and representation of basic experimental information is governed by the multinomial probability distribution. There exist unique random variables, whose standard deviation becomes asymptotically…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-08-23 Johann Summhammer

Darwinian evolution requires (i) heritable records, (ii) repeatable copying with variation, and (iii) routine irreversibility. Categorical quantum mechanics (CQM) makes precise why ``copy'' and ``delete'' are not generic quantum operations:…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-19 Partha Ghose

In quantum field theory, particle creation occurs, in general, when an intense external field, such as an electromagnetic field, breaks time translational invariance. This leads to an ambiguity in the definition of the vacuum state. In…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-06-24 Álvaro Álvarez-Domínguez , Luis J. Garay , David García-Heredia , Mercedes Martín-Benito

A renormalizable theory of gravity is obtained if the dimension-less 4-derivative kinetic term of the graviton, which classically suffers from negative unbounded energy, admits a sensible quantisation. We find that a 4-derivative degree of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-04-29 Alberto Salvio , Alessandro Strumia

The real- and imaginary-time evolution of quantum states are powerful tools in physics, chemistry, and beyond, to investigate quantum dynamics, prepare ground states or calculate thermodynamic observables. On near-term devices, variational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-27 Julien Gacon , Jannes Nys , Riccardo Rossi , Stefan Woerner , Giuseppe Carleo

We consider a global quantum system (the "Universe") satisfying a double constraint, both on total energy and total momentum. Generalizing the Page and Wootters quantum clock formalism, we provide a model of 3+1 dimensional,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-10 Tommaso Favalli , Augusto Smerzi

The Schr\"odinger equation is shown to be equivalent to a constrained Liouville equation under the assumption that phase space is extended to Grassmann algebra valued variables. For onedimensional systems, the underlying Hamiltonian…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-10 H. -T. Elze

Three postulates are discussed: first that well-defined properties cannot be assigned to an isolated system, secondly that quantum unitary evolution is atemporal, and thirdly that some physical processes are never reversed. It is argued…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Andrew M. Steane

We re-examine the notions of time and evolution in the light of the mathematical properties of the solutions of the Wheeler-DeWitt equation which are revealed by an extended adiabatic treatment. The main advantage of this treatment is to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 R. Parentani

In an amended version of non-Hermitian interaction picture we propose to work with the states $\psi(t)$ in a dyadic representation. The control of evolution via two conjugate Schr\"{o}diner equations then renders the usual necessity of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-29 Miloslav Znojil

We elaborate on the existing notion that quantum mechanics is an emergent phenomenon, by presenting a thermodynamical theory that is dual to quantum mechanics. This dual theory is that of classical irreversible thermodynamics. The linear…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-11-21 P. Fernandez de Cordoba , J. M. Isidro , Milton H. Perea , J. Vazquez Molina

We analyze the issue of dynamical evolution and time in quantum cosmology. We emphasize the problem of choice of phase space variables that can play the role of a time parameter in such a way that for expectation values of quantum operators…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-07-05 Alexander Yu. Kamenshchik , Jeinny Nallely Perez Rodriguez , Tereza Vardanyan

Lie systems in Quantum Mechanics are studied from a geometric point of view. In particular, we develop methods to obtain time evolution operators of time-dependent Schrodinger equations of Lie type and we show how these methods explain…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-04-21 José F. Cariñena , Javier de Lucas , Arturo Ramos

A commonly adopted relational account of time evolution in generally-covariant systems, and more specifically in quantum cosmology, is argued to be unsatisfactory, insofar as it describes evolution relative to observed readings of a clock…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-03-10 Ian D. Lawrie