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We prove an instance of the Reciprocity Theorem that demonstrates that Kerr rotation, also known as the magneto-optical Kerr effect, may only arise in materials that break microscopic time reversal symmetry. This argument applies in the…

Optics · Physics 2014-10-08 Alexander D. Fried

Nonreciprocity-the ability to transmit signals in one direction while blocking them in the reverse-has become a powerful resource in quantum technologies, enabling directional amplification, routing of quantum information, and topologically…

Acoustic and elastic metamaterials with time- and space-dependent material properties have received great attention recently as a means to break reciprocity for propagating mechanical waves, achieving greater directional control. One…

Applied Physics · Physics 2021-10-06 Benjamin M. Goldsberry , Samuel P. Wallen , Michael R. Haberman

The reciprocity principle governs the symmetry in transmission of electromagnetic and acoustic waves, as well as the diffusion of heat between two points in space, with important consequences for thermal management and energy harvesting.…

Applied Physics · Physics 2022-01-19 Jiaxin Li , Ying Li , Pei-Chao Cao , Xu Zheng , Yu-Gui Peng , Baowen Li , Xue-Feng Zhu , Andrea Alù , Cheng-Wei Qiu

We propose a mechanism and develop a theory for nonreciprocal Coulomb drag resistance. This effect arises in electron double-layer systems in the presence of an in-plane magnetic field in noncentrosymmetric conductors or in bilayers with…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-08-08 Dmitry Zverevich , Alex Levchenko

We introduce a special kind of nonreciprocal electromagnetic response which gives rise to backscattering suppression in the bulk, a long-sought feature in topological photonics, as well as nonreciprocal lensing - an effect when the same…

Optics · Physics 2026-02-11 Dmitry Vagin , Maxim A. Gorlach

We consider time-reversal of electromagnetic waves in a closed, wave-chaotic system containing a discrete, passive, harmonic-generating nonlinearity. An experimental system is constructed as a time-reversal mirror, in which excitations…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2013-12-20 Matthew Frazier , Biniyam Taddese , Bo Xiao , Thomas Antonsen , Edward Ott , Steven M. Anlage

Thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs) are recently established relations between the relative uncertainty of time-integrated currents and entropy production in nonequilibrium systems. For small perturbations away from equilibrium,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-10-05 Katarzyna Macieszczak , Kay Brandner , Juan P. Garrahan

We theoretically propose the emergence of nonlinear nonreciprocal conductivity in centrosymmetric paramagnetic systems when a spatially gradient magnetic field is externally applied. The key essence lies in the appearance of magnetic…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2024-12-25 Taisei Yamanaka , Yoshihiko Ihara , Satoru Hayami

We calculate the Casimir-Polder frequency shift and decay rate for an atom in front of a nonreciprocal medium by using macroscopic quantum electrodynamics. The results are a generalization of the respective quantities for matter with broken…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-02-08 Sebastian Fuchs , J. A. Crosse , Stefan Yoshi Buhmann

We study the role of time-reversal symmetry on the dynamical response of nonlinear optical systems that behave as unidirectional ("one-way") devices. It is shown that lossless nonlinear materials, despite being nonreciprocal, are typically…

Applied Physics · Physics 2022-05-30 David E. Fernandes , Mário G. Silveirinha

Breaking the reciprocity of electromagnetic interactions is of paramount importance in photonic and microwave technologies, as it enables unidirectional power flows and other unique electromagnetic phenomena. Here we explore a method to…

Optics · Physics 2021-06-09 Asma Fallah , Yasaman Kiasat , Mário G. Silveirinha , Nader Engheta

The Lorentz reciprocal theorem -- that is used to study various transport phenomena in hydrodynamics -- is violated in chiral active fluids that feature odd viscosity with broken time-reversal and parity symmetries. Here we show that the…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-10-27 Yuto Hosaka , Ramin Golestanian , Andrej Vilfan

Time-reversal symmetry arises naturally as a structural property in many dynamical systems of interest. While the importance of hard-wiring symmetry is increasingly recognized in machine learning, to date this has eluded time-reversibility.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-04-28 Riccardo Valperga , Kevin Webster , Victoria Klein , Dmitry Turaev , Jeroen S. W. Lamb

We provide a self-consistent extension of the Lorentz reciprocity theorem and the Poynting theorem for media possessing electric and magnetic dipolar and quadrupolar responses related to electric and magnetic fields and field gradients.…

Optics · Physics 2021-11-10 Karim Achouri , Olivier J. F. Martin

Breaking reciprocity has recently gained significant attention due to its broad range of applications in engineering systems. Here, we introduce the first experimental demonstration of a broadband mechanical beam waveguide, which can be…

Applied Physics · Physics 2023-01-04 Amin Mehrvarz , Mohammad Javad Khodaei , Amir Darabi , Ahmad Zareei , Nader Jalili

When studying non-Hermitian electronic systems, an obvious question is how various non-Hermitian effects affect measurable quantities like the conductance. Here, we show that uniformly dissipative circuits can exhibit nonreciprocal…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-05-25 Oliver Solow , Emil J. Bergholtz , Karsten Flensberg

We introduce and analyze the physics of "driving reversal" experiments. These are prototype wavepacket dynamics scenarios probing quantum irreversibility. Unlike the mostly hypothetical "time reversal" concept, a "driving reversal" scenario…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 M. Hiller , D. Cohen , T. Geisel , T. Kottos

The concept "Classical Electromagnetism" in the title of the paper here refers to a theory built on three foundations: relativity principles, the original Maxwell's equations, and the mathematics of exterior calculus. In this theory of…

Classical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Leif Pettersson

Nonreciprocity means that the transmission of a signal depends on its direction of propagation. Despite vastly different platforms and underlying working principles, the realisations of nonreciprocal transport in linear, time-independent…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-04-22 Clara C. Wanjura , Jesse J. Slim , Javier del Pino , Matteo Brunelli , Ewold Verhagen , Andreas Nunnenkamp