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The operational formulations of quantum theory are drastically time oriented. However, to the best of our knowledge, microscopic physics is time-symmetric. We address this tension by showing that the asymmetry of the operational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-11 Andrea Di Biagio , Pietro Donà , Carlo Rovelli

We discuss how the classical notions of time and causal structure may emerge together with quantum-mechanical probabilities from a universal quantum state. For this, the process of decoherence between semiclassical branches is important.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-06-24 Leonardo Chataignier , Claus Kiefer , Mritunjay Tyagi

There are enough reasons for us to consider time as a dynamical variable or operator; but according to Pauli's argument the existence of a self-adjoint time operator is incompatible with the semi-boundedness of Hamiltonian spectrum. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-04-26 Z. Y. Wang , B. Chen , C. D. Xiong

Recently, a thermodynamic definition of time has been introduced. This definition is useful to find approach some open problems in physics. But, it was obtained by a phenomenological approach and a logical inconsistency appears in the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-11-14 Umberto Lucia

Contrary to the conviction expressed by J. Kijowski [Phys. Rev. A 59, 897 (1999)] and shared in some other papers, the reasons to look for the 'time operator' in the context of the standard quantum doctrine of orthogonal projectors and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-12-20 Bogdan Mielnik , Gabino Torres-Vega

We present the arguments suggesting that time is emergent in quantum gravity and discuss extensively, but without any technical detail, the many aspects that can be involved in such emergence. We refer to both the physical issues that need…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2021-10-19 Daniele Oriti

W. Pauli pointed out that the existence of a self-adjoint time operator is incompatible with the semibounded character of the Hamiltonian spectrum. As a result, people have been arguing a lot about the time-energy uncertainty relation and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 Z. Y. Wang , B. Chen

The problem of time in the quantization of gravity arises from the fact that time in Schroedinger's equation is a parameter. This sets time apart from the spatial coordinates, represented by operators in quantum mechanics (QM). Thus "time"…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-05-06 M. Bauer

We present a generic way of thinking about time machines from the view of a far away observer. In this model the universe consists of three (or more) regions: One containing the entrance of the time machine, another the exit and the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Frank Antonsen , Karsten Bormann

Assorted questions: Time as a parameter in Quantum Mechanics. No-Go theorems for a time operator. Localization, time and causality. Causality violation. Localization again. Lesson 1: Evading the troubles: Im E finite. Lights and shadows of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Lucas Lamata , Juan Leon

The notions of time in the theories of Newton and Einstein are reviewed so that certain of their assumptions are clarified. These assumptions will be seen as the causes of the incompatibility between the two different ways of understanding…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-02-03 Hitoshi Kitada , Lancelot R. Fletcher

Some notes and questions about the concept of time are exposed. Particular reference is given to the problem in quantum mechanics, in connection with the indeterminacy principle.

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Luigi Foschini

Time operator can be introduced by three different approaches: by pertaining it to dynamical variables; by quantizing the classical expression of time; taken as the restriction of energy shift generator to the Hilbert space of a physical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Zhi-Yong Wang , Cai-Dong Xiong

Microphysical laws are time reversible, but macrophysics, chemistry and biology are not. This chapter explores how this asymmetry (a classic example of a broken symmetry) arises due to the cosmological context, where a non-local Direction…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-03-18 George F R Ellis , Barbara Drossel

In quantum mechanical experiments one distinguishes between the state of an experimental system and an observable measured in it. Heuristically, the distinction between states and observables is also suggested in scattering theory or when…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-20 Arno Bohm , Peter W. Bryant

In this review we present the problem of time in quantum physics, including a short history of the problem and the known objections about considering time a quantum observable. The need to deal with time as an observable is elaborated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-13 M. Basil Altaie , Daniel Hodgson , Almut Beige

It is argued that the time-of-arrival cannot be precisely defined and measured in quantum mechanics. By constructing explicit toy models of a measurement, we show that for a free particle it cannot be measured more accurately then $\Delta…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-30 Y. Aharonov , J. Oppenheim , S. Popescu , B. Reznik , W. G. Unruh

The question about the appearance of time in the semiclassical limit of quantum gravity continues to be discussed in the literature. It is believed that a temporal Schrodinger equation for matter fields on the background of a classical…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-07-24 R. I. Ayala Oña , M. B. Kalmykov , D. P. Kislyakova , T. P. Shestakova

Advances in our understanding of the physical universe have impacted dramatically on how we view ourselves. Right at the core of all modern thinking about the universe is the assumption that dynamics is an elemental feature that exists…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-07-04 Joan A. Vaccaro

Time of arrival in quantum mechanics is discussed in two versions: the classical axiomatic "time of arrival operator" introduced by J. Kijowski and the EEQT method. It is suggested that for free particles the two methods may lead to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-07-22 Arkadiusz Jadczyk