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The scaled relative graph (SRG) of an operator is a subset of the complex plane. It captures several salient features of an operator, such as contractiveness, and can be used to reveal the geometric nature of many of the inequality based…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-08-05 Richard Pates

The Scaled Relative Graph (SRG) is a generalization of the Nyquist diagram that may be plotted for nonlinear operators, and allows nonlinear robustness margins to be defined graphically. This abstract explores techniques for shaping the SRG…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-10 Thomas Chaffey , Fulvio Forni , Rodolphe Sepulchre

Many iterative methods in applied mathematics can be thought of as fixed-point iterations, and such algorithms are usually analyzed analytically, with inequalities. In this paper, we present a geometric approach to analyzing contractive and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-06-17 Ernest K. Ryu , Robert Hannah , Wotao Yin

The Scaled Relative Graph (SRG) is a promising tool for stability and robustness analysis of multi-input multi-output systems. In this paper, we provide tools for exact and computable constructions of the SRG for closed linear operators,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-10 Talitha Nauta , Richard Pates

We introduce a generalization of the scaled relative graph (SRG) to pairs of operators, enabling the visualization of their relative incremental properties. This novel SRG framework provides the geometric counterpart for the study of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-26 Jan Quan , Alexander Bodard , Konstantinos Oikonomidis , Panagiotis Patrinos

The scaled relative graph (SRG) is a powerful graphical tool for analyzing the properties of operators, by mapping their graph onto the complex plane. In this work, we study the SRG of two classes of nonmonotone operators, namely the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-21 Jan Quan , Brecht Evens , Rodolphe Sepulchre , Panagiotis Patrinos

Scaled Relative Graphs (SRGs) provide a novel graphical frequency-domain method for the analysis of nonlinear systems. However, we show that the current SRG analysis suffers from a pitfall that limit its applicability in analyzing practical…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-14 Julius P. J. Krebbekx , Roland Tóth , Amritam Das

Scaled Relative Graphs (SRGs) provide a novel graphical frequency-domain method for the analysis of nonlinear systems. There have been recent efforts to generalize SRG analysis to Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems. However,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-20 Julius P. J. Krebbekx , Roland Tóth , Amritam Das

We use the recently introduced concept of a Scaled Relative Graph (SRG) to develop a graphical analysis of input-output properties of feedback systems. The SRG of a nonlinear operator generalizes the Nyquist diagram of an LTI system. In the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-28 Thomas Chaffey , Fulvio Forni , Rodolphe Sepulchre

Scaled Relative Graphs (SRGs) provide a novel graphical frequency-domain method for the analysis of nonlinear systems. However, we show that the current SRG analysis suffers from a pitfall that limits its applicability in analyzing…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-22 Julius P. J. Krebbekx , Roland Tóth , Amritam Das

Scaled relative graphs were recently introduced to analyze the convergence of optimization algorithms using two dimensional Euclidean geometry. In this paper, we connect scaled relative graphs to the classical theory of input/output…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-08 Thomas Chaffey , Fulvio Forni , Rodolphe Sepulchre

Graphical methods for system analysis have played a central role in control theory. A recently emerging tool in this field is the Scaled Relative Graph (SRG). In this paper, we further extend its applicability by showing how the SRG of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-06 Talitha Nauta , Richard Pates

Scaled relative graphs (SRGs) enable graphical analysis and design of nonlinear systems. In this paper, we present a systematic approach for computing both soft and hard SRGs of nonlinear systems using dynamic integral quadratic constraints…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-03 Timo de Groot , Tom Oomen , W. P. M. H. Heemels , Sebastiaan van den Eijnden

Scaled Relative Graphs (SRGs) provide a novel graphical frequency-domain method for the analysis of Nonlinear (NL) systems. In this paper, we restrict the SRG to particular input spaces to compute frequency-dependent incremental gain bounds…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-10 Julius P. J. Krebbekx , Roland Tóth , Amritam Das

Scaled Relative Graphs (SRGs) provide a novel graphical frequency-domain method for the analysis of nonlinear systems, where Linear Time-Invariant (LTI) systems are the fundamental building block. To analyze feedback loops with unstable LTI…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-24 Julius P. J. Krebbekx , Eder Baron-Prada , Roland Tóth , Amritam Das

Continued fractions are classical representations of complex objects (for example, real numbers) as sums and inverses of simpler objects (for example, integers). The analogy in linear circuit theory is a chain of series/parallel one-ports:…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-23 Thomas Chaffey , Alberto Padoan

In this paper, we utilize a variant of the scaled relative graph (SRG), referred to as the $\theta$-symmetric SRG, to develop a graphical stability criterion for the feedback interconnection of a cascade of systems. A crucial…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-09 Xiaokan Yang , Ding Zhang , Wei Chen , Li Qiu

Davis-Yin splitting (DYS) has found a wide range of applications in optimization, but its linear rates of convergence have not been studied extensively. The scaled relative graph (SRG) simplifies the convergence analysis of operator…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-04-23 Jongmin Lee , Soheun Yi , Ernest K. Ryu

Scaled relative graphs have been originally introduced in the context of convex optimization and have recently gained attention in the control systems community for the graphical analysis of nonlinear systems. Of particular interest in…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-14 Timo de Groot , Maurice heemels , Sebastiaan van den Eijnden

With the prevalence of social media, the connectedness between people has been greatly enhanced. Real-world relations between users on social media are often not limited to expressing positive ties such as friendship, trust, and agreement,…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Zeyu Zhang , Peiyao Zhao , Xin Li , Jiamou Liu , Xinrui Zhang , Junjie Huang , Xiaofeng Zhu
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