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Cross-validation (CV) is a widely-used method of predictive assessment based on repeated model fits to different subsets of the available data. CV is applicable in a wide range of statistical settings. However, in cases where data are not…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-04-23 Alex Cooper , Aki Vehtari , Catherine Forbes

We study prediction intervals based on leave-one-out residuals in a linear regression model where the number of explanatory variables can be large compared to sample size. We establish uniform asymptotic validity (conditional on the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-02-19 Lukas Steinberger , Hannes Leeb

Cross-validation is one of the most popular model selection methods in statistics and machine learning. Despite its wide applicability, traditional cross validation methods tend to select overfitting models, due to the ignorance of the…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-12-25 Jing Lei

We consider comparisons of statistical learning algorithms using multiple data sets, via leave-one-in cross-study validation: each of the algorithms is trained on one data set; the resulting model is then validated on each remaining data…

Applications · Statistics 2015-06-02 Lorenzo Trippa , Levi Waldron , Curtis Huttenhower , Giovanni Parmigiani

An important issue in many multivariate regression problems is to eliminate candidate predictors with null predictor vectors. In large-dimensional (LD) setting where the numbers of responses and predictors are large, model selection…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-04-26 Zhidong Bai , Kwok Pui Choi , Yasunori Fujikoshi , Jiang Hu

The problem of quickest change detection in a sequence of independent observations is considered. The pre-change distribution is assumed to be known, while the post-change distribution is completely unknown. A window-limited leave-one-out…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-07 Yuchen Liang , Venugopal V. Veeravalli

Statistical models can involve implicitly defined quantities, such as solutions to nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs), that unavoidably need to be numerically approximated in order to evaluate the model. The approximation…

Computation · Statistics 2024-09-16 Juho Timonen , Nikolas Siccha , Ben Bales , Harri Lähdesmäki , Aki Vehtari

Cross-validation is a widely used technique for evaluating the performance of prediction models, ranging from simple binary classification to complex precision medicine strategies. It helps correct for optimism bias in error estimates,…

Cross-validation is a well-known and widely used bandwidth selection method in nonparametric regression estimation. However, this technique has two remarkable drawbacks: (i) the large variability of the selected bandwidths, and (ii) the…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-05-11 D. Barreiro-Ures , R. Cao , M. Francisco-Fernández

Statistical machine learning models should be evaluated and validated before putting to work. Conventional k-fold Monte Carlo Cross-Validation (MCCV) procedure uses a pseudo-random sequence to partition instances into k subsets, which…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-07-05 Liang Guo , Jianya Liu , Ruodan Lu

Subject-exclusive cross-validation is the standard evaluation protocol for facial Action Unit (AU) detection, yet reported improvements are often small. We show that cross-validation itself introduces measurable stochastic variance. On…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Saurabh Hinduja , Gurmeet Kaur , Maneesh Bilalpur , Jeffrey Cohn , Shaun Canavan

Leave-one-problem-out (LOPO) performance prediction requires machine learning (ML) models to extrapolate algorithms' performance from a set of training problems to a previously unseen problem. LOPO is a very challenging task even for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Ana Nikolikj , Michal Pluháček , Carola Doerr , Peter Korošec , Tome Eftimov

Bootstrap techniques (also called resampling computation techniques) have introduced new advances in modeling and model evaluation. Using resampling methods to construct a series of new samples which are based on the original data set,…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2007-06-13 Riadh Kallel , Marie Cottrell , Vincent Vigneron

A sparse modeling is a major topic in machine learning and statistics. LASSO (Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator) is a popular sparse modeling method while it has been known to yield unexpected large bias especially at a sparse…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-08-23 Katsuyuki Hagiwara

The correct use of model evaluation, model selection, and algorithm selection techniques is vital in academic machine learning research as well as in many industrial settings. This article reviews different techniques that can be used for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-12 Sebastian Raschka

Performance estimation aims at estimating the loss that a predictive model will incur on unseen data. These procedures are part of the pipeline in every machine learning project and are used for assessing the overall generalisation ability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Vitor Cerqueira , Luis Torgo , Igor Mozetic

When evaluating and comparing models using leave-one-out cross-validation (LOO-CV), the uncertainty of the estimate is typically assessed using the variance of the sampling distribution. Considering the uncertainty is important, as the…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-02-16 Tuomas Sivula , Måns Magnusson , Aki Vehtari

Estimating out-of-sample risk for models trained on large high-dimensional datasets is an expensive but essential part of the machine learning process, enabling practitioners to optimally tune hyperparameters. Cross-validation (CV) serves…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-04-28 Parth Nobel , Daniel LeJeune , Emmanuel J. Candès

Large language models (LLMs) have shown strong results on a range of applications, including regression and scoring tasks. Typically, one obtains outputs from an LLM via autoregressive sampling from the model's output distribution. We show…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Michal Lukasik , Harikrishna Narasimhan , Aditya Krishna Menon , Felix Yu , Sanjiv Kumar

The lasso procedure is ubiquitous in the statistical and signal processing literature, and as such, is the target of substantial theoretical and applied research. While much of this research focuses on the desirable properties that lasso…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2013-08-06 Darren Homrighausen , Daniel J. McDonald