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Classical soft photon and soft graviton theorems determine long wavelength electromagnetic and gravitational waveforms for a general classical scattering process in terms of the electric charges and asymptotic momenta of the ingoing and…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-12-30 Biswajit Sahoo

An infinite number of physically nontrivial symmetries are found for abelian gauge theories with massless charged particles. They are generated by large $U(1)$ gauge transformations that asymptotically approach an arbitrary function…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-02-10 Temple He , Prahar Mitra , Achilleas P. Porfyriadis , Andrew Strominger

There has been a renewed interest in the description of dressed asymptotic states a la Faddeev-Kulish. In this regard, a worldline representation for asymptotic states dressed by radiation at subleading power in the soft expansion, known as…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-02-24 Domenico Bonocore

Infinite sets of asymptotic soft-charges were recently shown to be related to new symmetries of the $S$-matrix, spurring a large amount of research on this and related questions. Notwithstanding, the raison-d'\^etre of these soft-charges…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-06-24 Aldo Riello

We ask whether soft photons, defined by asymptotic charges, can have consequences for the outcome of localised quantum processes. We consider a spatially localised two-state system, at rest in flat spacetime, coupled to a $U(1)$ gauge…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-08-11 Sanved Kolekar , Jorma Louko

We describe the connection between spontaneously-broken higher symmetries and soft theorems for scattering amplitudes of their associated Nambu-Goldstone bosons. Our main result is a new sub-leading double soft pion theorem in theories with…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-02-24 Jonah Berean-Dutcher , Maria Derda , Julio Parra-Martinez

S-matrix elements exhibit universal factorization when multiple infrared photons are emitted in scattering processes. We explicitly show that the leading soft factorization of tree-level amplitudes with the emission of any number of soft…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-10-13 Zhengwen Liu , Pujian Mao

Soft theorems for the scattering of low energy photons and gravitons and cosmological consistency conditions on the squeezed-limit correlation functions are both understood to be consequences of invariance under large gauge transformations.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-02-18 Mehrdad Mirbabayi , Marko Simonović

We present a derivation of the classical log soft graviton theorem within the asymptotic framework of Comp\`ere, Gralla, and Wei. The proof relies solely on Einstein equations near timelike, spatial, and null infinity, together with…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-11 Gianni Boschetti , Miguel Campiglia

A framework of connections between asymptotic symmetries, soft theorems, and memory effects has recently shed light on a universal structure associated with infrared physics. Here, we show how this pattern has been used to fill in missing…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-10-24 Sabrina Pasterski

We study the general structure of the electromagnetic field in the vicinity of spatial infinity. Starting from the general solution of the sourced Maxwell equations written in terms of multipole moments as obtained by Iyer and Damour, we…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-10-15 Geoffrey Compère , Dima Fontaine , Kevin Nguyen

We consider the conversion of an electric field into photons as a secondary probe of the dynamical Schwinger process. In spatially homogeneous electric fields, quantum fluctuations of electron-positron ($e^+e^-$) pairs are lifted on the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2017-08-24 Andreas Otto , Burkhard Kämpfer

In this paper we consider external current QED in the Coulomb gauge and in axial gauges for various spatial directions of the axis. For a non-zero electric charge of the current, we demonstrate that any two different gauges from this class…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-04-23 Wojciech Dybalski , Benedikt Wegener

Cachazo and Strominger recently proposed an extension of the soft-graviton theorem found by Weinberg. In addition, they proved the validity of their extension at tree level. This was motivated by a Virasoro symmetry of the gravity S-matrix…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-10-29 Zvi Bern , Scott Davies , Josh Nohle

In this paper, we derive a soft photon theorem in the near horizon region of the Schwarzschild black hole from the Ward identity of the near horizon large gauge transformation. The flat spacetime soft photon theorem can be recovered as a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-08-15 Peng Cheng , Pujian Mao

We consider soft graviton scattering for a theory where Einstein's gravity is minimally coupled to a scalar field in the presence of a cosmological constant, i.e. in a background de Sitter space. Employing a perturbative expansion in a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-12-08 Divyesh N. Solanki , Pratik Chattopadhyay , Srijit Bhattacharjee

The recent introduction of a boundary stress tensor for asymptotically flat spacetimes enabled a new construction of energy, momentum, and Lorentz charges. These charges are known to generate the asymptotic symmetries of the theory, but…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Robert B. Mann , Donald Marolf , Robert McNees , Amitabh Virmani

Classical soft theorems applied to probe scattering processes on AdS$_4$ spacetimes predict the existence of $1/L^2$ corrections to the soft photon and soft graviton factors of asymptotically flat spacetimes. In this paper, we establish…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-05-03 Nabamita Banerjee , Karan Fernandes , Arpita Mitra

We establish the existence of an infinite-dimensional fermionic symmetry in four-dimensional supersymmetric gauge theories by analyzing semiclassical photino dynamics in abelian ${\cal N}=1$ theories with charged matter. The symmetry is…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-04-28 Thomas T. Dumitrescu , Temple He , Prahar Mitra , Andrew Strominger

Combining asymptotically safe quantum gravity with a tensor field theory, we exhibit the first example of a theory with gravity and scalar fields in four dimensions which may realize asymptotic safety at a non-vanishing value of the scalar…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-01-20 Astrid Eichhorn , Razvan Gurau , Zois Gyftopoulos