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The universality of the logarithmic soft photon theorem in four dimensions can be traced to an infinite-dimensional asymptotic symmetry which acts as a local phase rotation on matter as we have shown in 2403.13053. Here we extend our…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-09-23 Sangmin Choi , Alok Laddha , Andrea Puhm

Motivated by the equivalence between soft graviton theorem and Ward identities for the supertranslation symmetries belonging to the BMS group, we propose a new extension (different from the so-called extended BMS) of the BMS group which is…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-12-18 Miguel Campiglia , Alok Laddha

This paper is devoted to the scattering of photons at electrons in models of non-relativistic quantum mechanical particles coupled minimally to the soft modes of the quantized electromagnetic field. We prove existence of scattering states…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2008-09-10 Marcel Griesemer , Heribert Zenk

Asymptotic particle states in four-dimensional celestial scattering amplitudes are labelled by their $SL(2,\mathbb{C})$ Lorentz/conformal weights $(h,\bar{h})$ rather than the usual energy-momentum four-vector. These boost eigenstates…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-10-30 Monica Pate , Ana-Maria Raclariu , Andrew Strominger

Infrared divergences in QED and other theories with massless particles show that in such theories the $S$ matrix cannot be defined in the usual way. Typically, this is not viewed as a big problem since one is interested in cross sections,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-03-14 Cesar Gomez , Mischa Panchenko

The symmetries of asymptotically flat spacetimes impose constraints on observables at infinity. The consequences of this have been extensively explored for S-matrix elements, where soft theorems are known to be equivalent to Ward identities…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-12-03 Ian Moult , Sruthi A. Narayanan , Sabrina Pasterski

Recently it has been understood that certain soft factorization theorems for scattering amplitudes can be written as Ward identities of new asymptotic symmetries. This relationship has been established for soft particles with spins $s > 0$,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-02-14 Miguel Campiglia , Leonardo Coito , Sebastian Mizera

The soft photon theorem, in its standard form, requires corrections when the asymptotic particle states carry magnetic charges. These corrections are deduced using electromagnetic duality and the resulting soft formula conjectured to be…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-01-27 Andrew Strominger

An interesting question is to characterize the general class of allowed boundary conditions for gauge theories, including gravity, at spatial and null infinity. This has played a role in discussions of soft charges, where antipodal symmetry…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-01-08 Steven B. Giddings

We study the tree-level scattering of massless scalars followed by an emission of a soft graviton in the small compact region inside the static patch in de Sitter space. We derive in the small cosmological constant limit the perturbative…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-03-02 Pratik Chattopadhyay , Divyesh N. Solanki

The existing equivalence between (generalized) BMS Ward identities with leading and subleading soft graviton theorems is extended to the case where the scattering particles are massive scalars. By extending the action of generalized BMS…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-01-27 Miguel Campiglia , Alok Laddha

We introduced in a previous paper a general notion of asymptotic morphism of a given local net of observables, which allows to describe the sectors of a corresponding scaling limit net. Here, as an application, we illustrate the general…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2019-10-02 Roberto Conti , Gerardo Morsella

We show that Weinberg's leading soft photon theorem in massless abelian gauge theories implies the existence of an infinite-dimensional large gauge symmetry which acts non-trivially on the null boundaries ${\mathscr I}^\pm$ of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-09-25 Temple He , Prahar Mitra

The construction of a theory of quantum gravity is an outstanding problem that can benefit from better understanding the laws of nature that are expected to hold in regimes currently inaccessible to experiment. Such fundamental laws can be…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-03-17 Friedrich Schöller

We present a Ward identity for nonlinear sigma models using generalized nonlinear shift symmetries, without introducing current algebra or coset space. The Ward identity constrains correlation functions of the sigma model such that the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-02-26 Ian Low , Zhewei Yin

Recently, the leading soft gluon theorem with single soft emission was shown to be the Ward identity of a two dimensional $\cal G$-Kac-Moody symmetry. In this note, we show that the leading soft gluon theorem can be interpreted as the Ward…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-10-12 Pujian Mao , Jun-Bao Wu

We revisit the status of asymptotic symmetries in higher even dimensions and propose a definition of superrotation charge beyond linearized gravity. We prove that there is a well-defined spacetime action of the superrotation charge on the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-01-11 Chandramouli Chowdhury , Anupam A. H. , Arpan Kundu

We obtain the subleading soft theorem for a generic theory of quantum gravity, for arbitrary number of soft photons and gravitons and for arbitrary number of finite energy particles with arbitrary mass and spin when all the soft particles…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-01-09 Sayali Atul Bhatkar , Biswajit Sahoo

Motivated by connections with observable phenomena, in particular with soft factorization theorems for scattering amplitudes and with memory effects, renewed interest has been recently shown in the subject of asymptotic symmetries at null…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-11-28 Carlo Heissenberg

In [15] we proposed a generalization of the BMS group G which is a semidirect product of supertranslations and smooth diffeomorphisms of the conformal sphere. Although an extension of BMS, G is a symmetry group of asymptotically flat space…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-11 Miguel Campiglia , Alok Laddha