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This paper proposes a novel switching algorithm for modular multilevel converters (MMCs) that significantly reduces the switching frequency while fulfilling all control objectives required for their proper operation. Unlike in the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-12-19 Saroj Khanal , Vahid R. Disfani

The modular multilevel converter (MMC) has become increasingly important in voltage-source converter-based high-voltage direct current (VSC-HVDC) systems. Direct and indirect modulation are widely used as mainstream modulation techniques in…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-11 Qianhao Sun , Jingwei Meng , Ruofan Li , Mingchao Xia , Qifang Chen , Jiejie Zhou , Meiqi Fan , Peiqian Guo

Electrical power conversions are common in a large variety of engineering applications. With reference to AC/DC and DC/AC power conversions, a strong research interest resides in multilevel converters, thanks to the many advantages they…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-31 Davide Tebaldi , Roberto Zanasi

The application of multilevel converters to renewable energy systems is a growing topic due to their advantages in energy efficiency. Regarding its control, model predictive control (MPC) has become very appealing due to its natural…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-06 Joaquin G. Ordonez , Francisco Gordillo , Pablo Montero-Robina , Daniel Limon

The modular multilevel converter (MMC) is a promising converter technology for various highvoltage high-power applications. The reason to that is low-distortion output quantities can be achieved with low average switching frequencies per…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2025-01-03 Khushbu Saradva , Meeta Matnani , Tapankumar Trivedi

Modular multilevel converters have promising applications in clean energy, electric vehicles, and biomedical instrumentation, but need many modules to achieve fine output granularity, particularly of the voltage. Asymmetric multilevel…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-19 Jinshui Zhang , Angel V Peterchev , Stefan M Goetz

The bridge arm of the hybrid modular multilevel converter (MMC) is composed of half-bridge and full-bridge sub-modules cascaded together. Compared with the half-bridge MMC, it can operate in the boost-AC mode, where the modulation index can…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-28 Yaqian Zhang , Xudong Zhang , Jianzhong Zhang , Fujin Deng

Model Predictive Control (MPC) method is a class of advanced control techniques most widely applied in industry. The major advantages of the MPC are its straightforward procedure which can be applied for both linear and nonlinear system.…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-04-17 Mohammad Amin , Marta Molinas

Cascaded circuits such as modular multilevel con-verters (MMC) offer attractive qualities in reconfigurable battery applications. In contrast to conventional hard-wired dc battery packs, the MMC topology loads modules with ac current, which…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-02-25 Tomas Kacetl , Jan Kacetl , Jinyang Fang , Malte Jaensch , Stefan Goetz

Low-frequency high-voltage alternating-current (LF-HVac) transmission scheme has been recently proposed as an alternative solution to conventional 50/60-Hz HVac and high-voltage direct-current (HVdc) schemes for bulk power transfer. This…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-09-05 Quan Nguyen , Surya Santoso

This paper presents a hybrid switched-capacitor converter (HSCC) with a novel multi-mode modulation (3M) scheme for wide-range voltage regulation in 48-V automotive power systems. By introducing a three-state operating sequence beyond the…

Applied Physics · Physics 2026-04-17 Georgios Spanodimos , Guanyu Qian , Xiaodan Cui

This paper presents an efficient suboptimal model predictive control (MPC) algorithm for nonlinear switched systems subject to minimum dwell time constraints (MTC). While MTC are required for most physical systems due to stability, power…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-02-16 Yutao Chen , Mircea Lazar

The small-signal impedance modeling of modular multilevel converter (MMC) is the key for analyzing resonance and stability of MMC-based ac power electronics systems. MMC is a converter system with a typical multi-frequency response due to…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-05-03 Jing Lyu , Qiang Chen , Xu Cai , Marta Molinas

Cascaded H-bridge and modular multilevel converters (MMC) are on the rise with emerging applications in renewable energy generation, energy storage, and electric motor drives. However, their well-known advantages come at the price of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-01 N. Tashakor , M. Kilictas , E. Bagheri , S. Goetz

Multilevel inverters (MLIs) are popular because of their advantages such as improved output voltage quality, lower switching losses, low EMI, and ability to handle higher voltage and power levels. To generate the desired output voltage in…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-14 Amirhossein Pourdadashnia , Mohammad Farhadi-Kangarlu , Milad Sadoughi

Modular multilevel converters (MMC) and cascaded H-bridge (CHB) converters are an established concept in ultra-high voltage systems. In combination with batteries, these circuits allow dynamically changing the series or parallel…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-28 N. Tashakor , J. Kacetl , J. Fang , Z. Li , S. Goetz

A rapid deployment of renewable generation has led to significant reduction in the rotational system inertia and damping, thus making frequency control in power systems more challenging. This paper proposes a novel control scheme based on…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-07 Ognjen Stanojev , Uros Markovic , Petros Aristidou , Gabriela Hug , Duncan Callaway , Evangelos Vrettos

A modulated model predictive controller is designed for an inductor-less modular multilevel converter targeting an MVDC solid-state transformer application. The underlying optimization problem is formulated such that a unique closed-form…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-03-26 Sandro Martin , Hui Li , Olugbenga Moses Anubi

Efficient arithmetic circuit design for resourceconstrained hardware involves challenging combinatorial optimization problems, among which Multiple Constant Multiplication (MCM) is a prominent example. MCM aims at implementing…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Théo Cantaloube , Nicolai Fiege , Anastasia Volkova , Christine Solnon

With the growing integration of modular multilevel converters (MMCs) in Multi-Terminal Direct Current (MTDC) transmission systems, there is an increasing need for control strategies that ensure both economic efficiency and robust dynamic…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-07 Hongjin Du , Tuanku Badzlin Hashfi , Rashmi Prasad , Pedro P. Vergara , Peter Palensky , Aleksandra Lekić
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