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In many languages like Arabic, diacritics are used to specify pronunciations as well as meanings. Such diacritics are often omitted in written text, increasing the number of possible pronunciations and meanings for a word. This results in a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Sawsan Alqahtani , Ajay Mishra , Mona Diab

The widespread absence of diacritical marks in Arabic text poses a significant challenge for Arabic natural language processing (NLP). This paper explores instances of naturally occurring diacritics, referred to as "diacritics in the wild,"…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Salman Elgamal , Ossama Obeid , Tameem Kabbani , Go Inoue , Nizar Habash

Homograph disambiguation, the task of distinguishing words with identical spellings but different meanings, poses a substantial challenge in natural language processing. In this study, we introduce a novel dataset tailored for Persian…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Seyed Moein Ayyoubzadeh , Kourosh Shahnazari

Automatic Arabic diacritization is useful in many applications, ranging from reading support for language learners to accurate pronunciation predictor for downstream tasks like speech synthesis. While most of the previous works focused on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Parnia Bahar , Mattia Di Gangi , Nick Rossenbach , Mohammad Zeineldeen

With natural language processing (NLP), researchers aim to enable computers to identify and understand patterns in human languages. This is often difficult because a language embeds many dynamic and varied properties in its syntax,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Ignatius Ezeani

One of the primary tasks of morphological parsers is the disambiguation of homographs. Particularly difficult are cases of unbalanced ambiguity, where one of the possible analyses is far more frequent than the others. In such cases, there…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-07 Avi Shmidman , Joshua Guedalia , Shaltiel Shmidman , Moshe Koppel , Reut Tsarfaty

Automatic text-based diacritic restoration models generally have high diacritic error rates when applied to speech transcripts as a result of domain and style shifts in spoken language. In this work, we explore the possibility of improving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Sara Shatnawi , Sawsan Alqahtani , Hanan Aldarmaki

Diacritization process attempt to restore the short vowels in Arabic written text; which typically are omitted. This process is essential for applications such as Text-to-Speech (TTS). While diacritization of Modern Standard Arabic (MSA)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-03 Ahmed Abdelali , Mohammed Attia , Younes Samih , Kareem Darwish , Hamdy Mubarak

Homographs, words with the same spelling but different meanings, remain challenging in Neural Machine Translation (NMT). While recent works leverage various word embedding approaches to differentiate word sense in NMT, they do not focus on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-14 Weixuan Wang , Wei Peng , Qun Liu

We propose a novel multitask learning method for diacritization which trains a model to both diacritize and translate. Our method addresses data sparsity by exploiting large, readily available bitext corpora. Furthermore, translation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-30 Brian Thompson , Ali Alshehri

Diacritical marks play a crucial role in meeting the criteria of usability of typographic text, such as: homogeneity, clarity and legibility. To change the diacritic of a letter in a word could completely change its semantic. The situation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2011-07-26 Mohamed Hssini , Azzeddine Lazrek

Diacritics are orthographic marks that clarify pronunciation, distinguish similar words, or alter meaning. They play a central role in many writing systems, yet their impact on language technology has not been systematically quantified…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Adi Cohen , Yuval Pinter

Arabic poses a particular challenge for natural language processing (NLP) and information retrieval (IR) due to its complex morphology, optional diacritics and the coexistence of Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) and various dialects. Despite…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Salah Eddine Bekhouche , Azeddine Benlamoudi , Yazid Bounab , Fadi Dornaika , Abdenour Hadid

Handwritten character recognition has been the center of research and a benchmark problem in the sector of pattern recognition and artificial intelligence, and it continues to be a challenging research topic. Due to its enormous application…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-09 Akm Ashiquzzaman , Abdul Kawsar Tushar , Md Ashiqur Rahman

Proper nouns in Arabic Wikipedia are frequently undiacritized, creating ambiguity in pronunciation and interpretation, especially for transliterated named entities of foreign origin. While transliteration and diacritization have been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Rawan Bondok , Mayar Nassar , Salam Khalifa , Kurt Micallef , Nizar Habash

This paper presents the design and development of multi-dialect automatic speech recognition for Arabic. Deep neural networks are becoming an effective tool to solve sequential data problems, particularly, adopting an end-to-end training of…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-30 Abbas Raza Ali

This thesis presents a constraint-based morphological disambiguation approach that is applicable to languages with complex morphology--specifically agglutinative languages with productive inflectional and derivational morphological…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2008-02-03 Gokhan Tur

Diacritization plays a pivotal role in improving readability and disambiguating the meaning of Arabic texts. Efforts have so far focused on marking every eligible character (Full Diacritization). Comparatively overlooked, Partial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Muhammad ElNokrashy , Badr AlKhamissi

This paper presents a constraint-based morphological disambiguation approach that is applicable languages with complex morphology--specifically agglutinative languages with productive inflectional and derivational morphological phenomena.…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2008-02-03 Kemal Oflazer , Gokhan Tur

Homographs, words with different meanings but the same surface form, have long caused difficulty for machine translation systems, as it is difficult to select the correct translation based on the context. However, with the advent of neural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-03-29 Frederick Liu , Han Lu , Graham Neubig
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