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More recently, Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) research has shifted to focus on a more pragmatic or naturalistic account of understanding, that is, whether the stakeholders understand the explanation. This point is especially…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-08-05 Janet Hui-wen Hsiao , Hilary Hei Ting Ngai , Luyu Qiu , Yi Yang , Caleb Chen Cao

The growing ubiquity of artificial intelligence (AI), in particular large language models (LLMs), has profoundly altered the way in which learners gain knowledge and interact with learning material, with many claiming that AI positively…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Jarosław A. Chudziak , Adam Kostka

This study is located in the Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence (HCAI) and focuses on the results of a user-centered assessment of commonly used eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) algorithms, specifically investigating how humans…

The growing attention to artificial intelligence-based applications has led to research interest in explainability issues. This emerging research attention on explainable AI (XAI) advocates the need to investigate end user-centric…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-07 AKM Bahalul Haque , A. K. M. Najmul Islam , Patrick Mikalef

Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing educational technology by enabling highly personalized and adaptive learning environments within Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS). This report delves into the integration of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Subhankar Maity , Aniket Deroy

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is essential for building advanced machine learning-powered applications, especially in critical domains such as medical diagnostics or autonomous driving. Legal, business, and ethical requirements…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Tobias Labarta , Elizaveta Kulicheva , Ronja Froelian , Christian Geißler , Xenia Melman , Julian von Klitzing

Recent work has demonstrated the promise of combining local explanations with active learning for understanding and supervising black-box models. Here we show that, under specific conditions, these algorithms may misrepresent the quality of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-07-21 Teodora Popordanoska , Mohit Kumar , Stefano Teso

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) seeks to enhance the transparency and accountability of machine learning systems, yet most methods follow a one-size-fits-all paradigm that neglects user differences in expertise, goals, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Vittoria Vineis , Matteo Silvestri , Lorenzo Antonelli , Filippo Betello , Gabriele Tolomei

Researchers and practitioners increasingly consider a human-centered perspective in the design of machine learning-based applications, especially in the context of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI). However, clear methodological…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Claudia Müller-Birn , Katrin Glinka , Peter Sörries , Michael Tebbe , Susanne Michl

In the context of AI-based decision support systems, explanations can help users to judge when to trust the AI's suggestion, and when to question it. In this way, human oversight can prevent AI errors and biased decision-making. However,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Laura Spillner , Rachel Ringe , Robert Porzel , Rainer Malaka

AI-supported tools can help learners overcome challenges in programming education by providing adaptive assistance. However, existing research often focuses on individual tools rather than deriving broader design recommendations. A key…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Zihan Wu , Yicheng Tang , Barbara Ericson

In many AI applications today, the predominance of black-box machine learning models, due to their typically higher accuracy, amplifies the need for Explainable AI (XAI). Existing XAI approaches, such as the widely used SHAP values or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 David Martens , James Hinns , Camille Dams , Mark Vergouwen , Theodoros Evgeniou

Traditional surgical skill acquisition relies heavily on expert feedback, yet direct access is limited by faculty availability and variability in subjective assessments. While trainees can practice independently, the lack of personalized,…

Research in artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted decision-making is experiencing tremendous growth with a constantly rising number of studies evaluating the effect of AI with and without techniques from the field of explainable AI (XAI) on…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-06-02 Max Schemmer , Patrick Hemmer , Maximilian Nitsche , Niklas Kühl , Michael Vössing

Despite the proliferation of explainable AI (XAI) methods, little is understood about end-users' explainability needs and behaviors around XAI explanations. To address this gap and contribute to understanding how explainability can support…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-02-20 Sunnie S. Y. Kim , Elizabeth Anne Watkins , Olga Russakovsky , Ruth Fong , Andrés Monroy-Hernández

The role that highly curated knowledge, provided by domain experts, could play in creating effective tutoring systems is often overlooked within the AI for education community. In this paper, we highlight this topic by discussing two ways…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Sarath Sreedharan , Kelsey Sikes , Nathaniel Blanchard , Lisa Mason , Nikhil Krishnaswamy , Jill Zarestky

Advances in autonomous driving provide an opportunity for AI-assisted driving instruction that directly addresses the critical need for human driving improvement. How should an AI instructor convey information to promote learning? In a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Robert Kaufman , Jean Costa , Everlyne Kimani

The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) requires developers and designers of AI systems to focus on the collaboration between humans and machines. AI explanations of system behavior and reasoning are vital for effective…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Ruben S. Verhagen , Siddharth Mehrotra , Mark A. Neerincx , Catholijn M. Jonker , Myrthe L. Tielman

This study explores the effectiveness of AI tools in enhancing student learning, specifically in improving study habits, time management, and feedback mechanisms. The research focuses on how AI tools can support personalized learning,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Ben Ward , Deepshikha Bhati , Fnu Neha , Angela Guercio

Explainable AI (XAI) can greatly enhance user trust and satisfaction in AI-assisted decision-making processes. Recent findings suggest that a single explainer may not meet the diverse needs of multiple users in an AI system; indeed, even…