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We propose a novel approach to explainable AI (XAI) based on the concept of "instruction" from neural networks. In this case study, we demonstrate how a superhuman neural network might instruct human trainees as an alternative to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-03 Nicholas Kantack , Nina Cohen , Nathan Bos , Corey Lowman , James Everett , Timothy Endres

The desirable properties of explanations in information systems have fueled the demands for transparency in artificial intelligence (AI) outputs. To address these demands, the field of explainable AI (XAI) has put forth methods that can…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Felix Haag

This paper reviews our previous trials of Nudge-XAI, an approach that introduces automatic biases into explanations from explainable AIs (XAIs) with the aim of leading users to better decisions, and it discusses the benefits and challenges.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Yosuke Fukuchi , Seiji Yamada

The unprecedented performance of machine learning models in recent years, particularly Deep Learning and transformer models, has resulted in their application in various domains such as finance, healthcare, and education. However, the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Milad Rogha

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems continue to grow in size and complexity, so does the difficulty of the quest for AI transparency. In a world of large models and complex AI systems, why do we explain AI and what should we explain?…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Karina Cortinas-Lorenzo , Gavin Doherty

Existing work on generating hints in Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) focuses mostly on manual and non-personalized feedback. In this work, we explore automatically generated questions as personalized feedback in an ITS. Our personalized…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-10 Devang Kulshreshtha , Muhammad Shayan , Robert Belfer , Siva Reddy , Iulian Vlad Serban , Ekaterina Kochmar

With Artificial Intelligence (AI) becoming ubiquitous in every application domain, the need for explanations is paramount to enhance transparency and trust among non-technical users. Despite the potential shown by Explainable AI (XAI) for…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Aditya Bhattacharya

The emergence of generative AI has accelerated the development of conversational tutoring systems that interact with students through natural language dialogue. Unlike prior intelligent tutoring systems (ITS), which largely function as…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Kirk Vanacore , Ryan S. Baker , Avery H. Closser , Jeremy Roschelle

This research introduces an innovative artificial intelligence-driven educational concept designed to optimize self-directed learning through personalized course delivery and automated teaching assistance. The system leverages fine-tuned AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Tejas Satish Gotavade

This paper presents a novel framework, Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Intelligent Assistant (AIIA), for personalized and adaptive learning in higher education. The AIIA system leverages advanced AI and Natural Language Processing (NLP)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-21 Ramteja Sajja , Yusuf Sermet , Muhammed Cikmaz , David Cwiertny , Ibrahim Demir

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has re-emerged in response to the development of modern AI and ML systems. These systems are complex and sometimes biased, but they nevertheless make decisions that impact our lives. XAI systems are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-02-10 Shane T. Mueller , Elizabeth S. Veinott , Robert R. Hoffman , Gary Klein , Lamia Alam , Tauseef Mamun , William J. Clancey

While a vast collection of explainable AI (XAI) algorithms have been developed in recent years, they are often criticized for significant gaps with how humans produce and consume explanations. As a result, current XAI techniques are often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Vivian Lai , Yiming Zhang , Chacha Chen , Q. Vera Liao , Chenhao Tan

This paper presents a cognitive tutor powered by Davinci 003 API that generates and evaluates personalized questions for students on any topic they choose. The tutor adapts to the student's level of understanding and fosters knowledge…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-04-07 Devan Walton

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one of the major technological advancements of this century, bearing incredible potential for users through AI-powered applications and tools in numerous domains. Being often black-box (i.e., its…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Eleonora Cappuccio , Andrea Esposito , Francesco Greco , Giuseppe Desolda , Rosa Lanzilotti , Salvatore Rinzivillo

AI is becoming increasingly common across different domains. However, as sophisticated AI-based systems are often black-boxed, rendering the decision-making logic opaque, users find it challenging to comply with their recommendations.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Niklas Kühl , Christian Meske , Maximilian Nitsche , Jodie Lobana

In recent years, the main problem in e-learning has shifted from analyzing content to personalization of learning environment by Intelligence Tutoring Systems (ITSs). Therefore, by designing personalized teaching models, learners are able…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Mahdi Pourmirzaei , Gholam Ali Montazer , Ebrahim Mousavi

Providing effective, personalized support is critical for helping students overcome conceptual difficulties in physics. However, established scaffolding methods, such as structured tiered support, are often too resource-intensive for…

Physics Education · Physics 2025-08-11 E. Becker , J. Wünsche , J. M. Veith , J. Schrader , P. Bitzenbauer

E-learning platforms that personalise content selection with AI are often criticised for lacking transparency and controllability. Researchers have therefore proposed solutions such as open learner models and letting learners select from…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Jeroen Ooge , Arno Vanneste , Maxwell Szymanski , Katrien Verbert

As robots and digital assistants are deployed in the real world, these agents must be able to communicate their decision-making criteria to build trust, improve human-robot teaming, and enable collaboration. While the field of explainable…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Andrew Silva , Pradyumna Tambwekar , Mariah Schrum , Matthew Gombolay

This paper addresses the challenge of selecting explanations for XAI (Explainable AI)-based Intelligent Decision Support Systems (IDSSs). IDSSs have shown promise in improving user decisions through XAI-generated explanations along with AI…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Yosuke Fukuchi , Seiji Yamada