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In quantum many-body systems with kinetically constrained dynamics, the Hilbert space can split into exponentially many disconnected subsectors, a phenomenon known as Hilbert-space fragmentation. We study the interplay of such fragmentation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-09 Thomas Iadecola

We study Hilbert space fragmentation and quantum scars in quantum spin systems with Ising interactions. The system consists of two sets of quantum spins, A and B. As the parent system, set A is an Ising model on arbitrary lattices with a…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-04-06 E. S. Ma , Z. Song

We briefly review some examples of confinement which arise in condensed matter physics. We focus on two instructive cases: the off-critical Ising model in a magnetic field, and an array of weakly coupled (extended) Hubbard chains in the…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2016-11-23 M. J. Bhaseen , A. M. Tsvelik

We investigate the thermalization dynamics of 1D systems with local constraints coupled to an infinite temperature bath at one boundary. The coupling to the bath eventually erases the effects of the constraints, causing the system to tend…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-24 Cheng Wang , Shankar Balasubramanian , Yiqiu Han , Ethan Lake , Xiao Chen , Zhi-Cheng Yang

At the heart of quantum many-body physics lies the understanding of mechanisms that avoid quantum thermalization in an isolated system quenched far from equilibrium. A prominent example is Hilbert space fragmentation, which has recently…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-22 Anthony N. Ciavarella , Christian W. Bauer , Jad C. Halimeh

Motivated by recent experiments with two-component Bose-Einstein condensates, we study fully-connected spin models subject to an additional constraint. The constraint is responsible for the Hilbert space dimension to scale only linearly…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-04-12 Jason R. Webster , Michael Kastner

We consider spin chain models with local Hamiltonians that display weak ergodicity breaking. In these models, the majority of the eigenstates are thermal, but there is a distinguished subspace of the Hilbert space in which ergodicity is…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-06-24 Hosho Katsura , Chihiro Matsui , Chiara Paletta , Balázs Pozsgay

The Hamiltonian formulation of lattice gauge theories plays a central role in quantum simulations of gauge theories, and understanding their spectrum and other properties is expected to become crucial in the upcoming years. The relevant…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2026-04-20 Thea Budde , Marina Kristć Marinković , Joao C. Pinto Barros

We revisit the so-called folded XXZ model, which was treated earlier by two independent research groups. We argue that this spin-1/2 chain is one of the simplest quantum integrable models, yet it has quite remarkable physical properties.…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-10-13 Balázs Pozsgay , Tamás Gombor , Arthur Hutsalyuk , Yunfeng Jiang , Levente Pristyák , Eric Vernier

The $t$-model represents the Hubbard model in the limit $U \to \infty$ and is one of the basic models of strongly correlated electrons. On a one-dimensional chain, the model is integrable, and the charge dynamics corresponds to that of free…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-03-23 Jakub Rękas , Marcin Mierzejewski , Zala Lenarčič , Peter Prelovšek

Hilbert space fragmentation, as it is currently investigated, primarily originates from specific kinematic constraints or emergent conservation laws in many-body systems with translation invariance. It leads to non-ergodic dynamics and…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-10-23 Ishita Modak , Rajesh Narayanan , Ferdinand Evers , Soumya Bera

We propose an entanglement-enhanced sensing scheme that is robust against spatially inhomogeneous always-on Ising interactions. Our strategy is to tailor coherent quantum dynamics employing the Hilbert-space fragmentation (HSF), a recently…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-18 Atsuki Yoshinaga , Yuichiro Matsuzaki , Ryusuke Hamazaki

Investigating many-body localization (MBL) using exact numerical methods is limited by the exponentialgrowth of the Hilbert space. However, localized eigenstates display multifractality and only extend over a vanishing fraction of the…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2022-01-13 Francesca Pietracaprina , Nicolas Laflorencie

While isolated quantum systems generally thermalize after long-time evolution, there are several exceptions defying thermalization. A notable mechanism of such nonergodicity is the Hilbert space fragmentation (HSF), where the Hamiltonian…

Hilbert space fragmentation refers to exponential growth in the number of dynamically disconnected Krylov sectors with system size. It is taken as evidence of ergodicity breaking, since conventional symmetries generate at most a polynomial…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2026-04-15 Thea Budde , Marina Kristć Marinković , Joao C. Pinto Barros

Many-particle confinement (localization) is studied for a 1D system of spinless fermions with nearest-neighbor hopping and interaction, or equivalently, for an anisotropic Heisenberg spin-1/2 chain. This system is frequently used to model…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 M. I. Dykman , L. F. Santos , M. Shapiro

We study Hilbert space fragmentation in the extended Fermi-Hubbard model with nearest and next-nearest-neighbor interactions. Using a generalized spin/mover picture and saddle point methods, we derive lower bounds for the scaling of the…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2022-12-06 Philipp Frey , Lucas Hackl , Stephan Rachel

We investigate a one-dimensional correlated-hopping model of spinless fermions with an East constraint. We first analytically unravel the complete fragmentation structure of this model by labeling each fragment by a unique root…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-01-13 Maitri Ganguli , Sreemayee Aditya , Diptiman Sen

Classical U(1) fracton spin liquids feature an extensive ground state degeneracy and follow an effective description in terms of a tensor Gauss' law where charges, so-called fractons, have restricted mobility. Here we introduce a simple…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-04-14 Nils Niggemann , Meghadeepa Adhikary , Yannik Schaden-Thillmann , Johannes Reuther

We study the role of the interaction range on the Hilbert space fragmentation and many-body scar states considering a spin-1/2 many-body Hamiltonian describing a generalized Fredkin spin chain. We show that both scar states and weak…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2023-07-21 Gianluca Francica , Luca Dell'Anna