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Dockerfile flakiness-unpredictable temporal build failures caused by external dependencies and evolving environments-undermines deployment reliability and increases debugging overhead. Unlike traditional Dockerfile issues, flakiness occurs…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Taha Shabani , Noor Nashid , Parsa Alian , Ali Mesbah

Flaky tests that non-deterministically pass or fail waste developer time and slow release cycles. While large language models (LLMs) show promise for automatically repairing flaky tests, existing approaches like FlakyDoctor fail in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Chengpeng Li , Farnaz Behrang , August Shi , Peng Liu

The role of regression testing in software testing is crucial as it ensures that any new modifications do not disrupt the existing functionality and behaviour of the software system. The desired outcome is for regression tests to yield…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Xin Sun , Daniel Ståhl , Kristian Sandahl

Test flakiness is a common problem in industry, which hinders the reliability of automated build and testing workflows. Most existing research on test flakiness has primarily focused on unit and small-scale integration tests. In contrast,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Man Zhang , Chongyang Shen , Andrea Arcuri , Tao Yue

Flaky tests pass and fail non-deterministically when run on the same version of code. Although many techniques have been proposed to detect, debug, and repair flaky tests, reproducing their failures remains a major challenge due to their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Suzzana Rafi , Mahbub-Ul-Hoque Sumon , Md Erfan , Maruf Morshed Khan , August Shi , Wing Lam

Flaky tests exhibit non-deterministic behavior during execution and they may pass or fail without any changes to the program under test. Detecting and classifying these flaky tests is crucial for maintaining the robustness of automated test…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Riddhi More , Jeremy S. Bradbury

Test flakiness is a significant issue in industry, affecting test efficiency and product quality. While extensive research has examined the impact of flaky tests, many root causes remain unexplored, particularly in the context of dynamic…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Negar Hashemi , Amjed Tahir , August Shi , Shawn Rasheed , Rachel Blagojevic

Mutation analysis assesses a test suite's adequacy by measuring its ability to detect small artificial faults, systematically seeded into the tested program. Mutation analysis is considered one of the strongest test-adequacy criteria.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-01 Goran Petrović , Marko Ivanković , Gordon Fraser , René Just

Change-based testing is a key component of continuous integration at Facebook. However, a large number of tests coupled with a high rate of changes committed to our monolithic repository make it infeasible to run all potentially-impacted…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-05-31 Mateusz Machalica , Alex Samylkin , Meredith Porth , Satish Chandra

Flaky tests can make automated software testing unreliable due to their unpredictable behavior. These tests can pass or fail on the same code base on multiple runs. However, flaky tests often do not refer to any fault, even though they can…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Hasnain Iqbal , Zerina Begum , Kazi Sakib

Various proxy metrics for test quality have been defined in order to guide developers when writing tests. Code coverage is particularly well established in practice, even though the question of how coverage relates to test quality is a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-15 Goran Petrović , Marko Ivanković , Gordon Fraser , René Just

Web end-to-end (e2e) testing evaluates the workflow of a web application. It simulates real-world user scenarios to ensure the application flows behave as expected. However, web e2e tests are notorious for being flaky, i.e., the tests can…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Xinyue Liu , Zihe Song , Weike Fang , Wei Yang , Weihang Wang

We report our experience of using failure symptoms, such as error messages or stack traces, to identify flaky test failures in a Continuous Integration (CI) pipeline for a large industrial software system, SAP HANA. Although failure…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Gabin An , Juyeon Yoon , Thomas Bach , Jingun Hong , Shin Yoo

Prior research has extensively studied flaky tests in various domains, such as web applications, mobile applications, and other open-source projects in a range of multiple programing languages, including Java, Javascript, Python, Ruby, and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Tom Schroeder , Minh Phan , Yang Chen

Flaky tests pose a significant issue for software testing. A test with a non-deterministic outcome may undermine the reliability of the testing process, making tests untrustworthy. Previous research has identified test order dependency as…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Negar Hashemi , Amjed Tahir , Shawn Rasheed , August Shi , Rachel Blagojevic

In verification-aware languages, such as Dafny, despite their critical role, specifications are as prone to error as implementations. Flaws in specifications can result in formally verified programs that deviate from the intended behavior.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Isabel Amaral , Alexandra Mendes , José Campos

Validation of Android apps via testing is difficult owing to the presence of flaky tests. Due to non-deterministic execution environments, a sequence of events (a test) may lead to success or failure in unpredictable ways. In this work, we…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-05-24 Zhen Dong , Abhishek Tiwari , Xiao Liang Yu , Abhik Roychoudhury

Mutation testing has been demonstrated to be one of the most powerful fault-revealing tools in the tester's tool kit. Much previous work implicitly assumed it to be sufficient to re-compute mutant suites per release. Sadly, this makes…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-12-23 Milos Ojdanic , Mike Papadakis , Mark Harman

Mutation testing is a means to assess the effectiveness of a test suite and its outcome is considered more meaningful than code coverage metrics. However, despite several optimizations, mutation testing requires a significant computational…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-03-14 Rainer Niedermayr , Stefan Wagner

Software updates, including bug repair and feature additions, are frequent in modern applications but they often leave test suites outdated, resulting in undetected bugs and increased chances of system failures. A recent study by Meta…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Shanto Rahman , Sachit Kuhar , Berk Cirisci , Pranav Garg , Shiqi Wang , Xiaofei Ma , Anoop Deoras , Baishakhi Ray