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In computability theory and computable analysis, finite programs can compute infinite objects. Presenting a computable object via any program for it, provides at least as much information as presenting the object itself, written on an…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-09-25 Mathieu Hoyrup , Cristobal Rojas

There has recently been work by multiple groups in extracting the properties associated with cardinal invariants of the continuum and translating these properties into similar analogous combinatorial properties of computational oracles.…

Logic · Mathematics 2020-08-13 Iván Ongay-Valverde , Paul Tveite

We are studying the degrees in which a computable structure is relatively computably categoricity, i.e., computably categorcial among all non-computable copies of the structure. Unlike the degrees of computable categoricity we can bound the…

Logic · Mathematics 2023-04-07 I. Sh. Kalimullin

TThe problem is to identify a probability associated with a set of natural numbers, given an infinite data sequence of elements from the set. If the given sequence is drawn i.i.d. and the probability mass function involved (the target)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-07-14 Paul M. B. Vitanyi , Nick Chater

The Kolmogorov complexity function K can be relativized using any oracle A, and most properties of K remain true for relativized versions. In section 1 we provide an explanation for this observation by giving a game-theoretic interpretation…

Logic · Mathematics 2010-03-25 Andrej A. Muchnik , Ilya Mezhirov , Alexander Shen , Nikolay Vereshchagin

We study the complexity of automatic structures via well-established concepts from both logic and model theory, including ordinal heights (of well-founded relations), Scott ranks of structures, and Cantor-Bendixson ranks (of trees). We…

Logic · Mathematics 2008-09-22 Bakhadyr Khoussainov , Mia Minnes

We investigate the computational properties of basic mathematical notions pertaining to $\mathbb{R}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$-functions and subsets of $\mathbb{R}$, like finiteness, countability, (absolute) continuity, bounded variation,…

Logic · Mathematics 2024-08-15 Dag Normann , Sam Sanders

We introduce the concept of an almost prime number generalizing a prime number. It turns out that a composite almost prime number must be a Carmichael number, in case it exists. We prove several properties of almost prime numbers and…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-03 Tigran Hakobyan

Deciding termination is a fundamental problem in the analysis of probabilistic imperative programs. We consider the qualitative and quantitative probabilistic termination problems for an imperative programming model with discrete…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Rupak Majumdar , V. R. Sathiyanarayana

The topological properties of a set have a strong impact on its computability properties. A striking illustration of this idea is given by spheres and closed manifolds: if a set $X$ is homeomorphic to a sphere or a closed manifold, then any…

Logic · Mathematics 2022-02-11 Djamel Eddine Amir , Mathieu Hoyrup

A real number \alpha is called recursively enumerable if there exists a computable, increasing sequence of rational numbers which converges to \alpha. The randomness of a recursively enumerable real \alpha can be characterized in various…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2008-05-20 Kohtaro Tadaki

Rectangles are used to approximate objects, or sets of objects, in a plethora of applications, systems and index structures. Many tasks, such as nearest neighbor search and similarity ranking, require to decide if objects in one rectangle A…

Databases · Computer Science 2020-01-17 Tobias Emrich , Hans-Peter Kriegel , Andreas Züfle , Peer Kröger , Matthias Renz

While Kolmogorov complexity is the accepted absolute measure of information content of an individual finite object, a similarly absolute notion is needed for the relation between an individual data sample and an individual model summarizing…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2007-07-16 Peter Gacs , John Tromp , Paul Vitanyi

We introduce a method for proving almost sure termination in the context of lambda calculus with continuous random sampling and explicit recursion, based on ranking supermartingales. This result is extended in three ways. Antitone ranking…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Andrew Kenyon-Roberts , Luke Ong

We study optimization problems in which a linear functional is maximized over probability measures that are dominated by a given measure according to an integral stochastic order in an arbitrary dimension. We show that the following four…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-03-13 Frank Yang , Kai Hao Yang

Consider an algorithm computing in a differential field with several commuting derivations such that the only operations it performs with the elements of the field are arithmetic operations, differentiation, and zero testing. We show that,…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2021-08-31 Wei Li , Alexey Ovchinnikov , Gleb Pogudin , Thomas Scanlon

We present two theorems concerned with algorithmic randomness and differentiability of functions of several variables. Firstly, we prove an effective form of the Rademacher's Theorem: we show that computable randomness implies…

Logic · Mathematics 2015-09-29 Alex Galicki , Daniel Turetsky

We call an $\alpha \in \mathbb{R}$ regainingly approximable if there exists a computable nondecreasing sequence $(a_n)_n$ of rational numbers converging to $\alpha$ with $\alpha - a_n < 2^{-n}$ for infinitely many $n \in \mathbb{N}$. We…

Logic · Mathematics 2026-02-11 Peter Hertling , Rupert Hölzl , Philip Janicki

We study the degrees of selector functions related to the degrees in which a rigid computable structure is relatively computably categorical. It is proved that for some structures such degrees can be represented as the unions of upper cones…

Logic · Mathematics 2023-05-31 I. Sh. Kalimullin

Matrix properties are a type of property of categories which includes the ones of being Mal'tsev, arithmetical, majority, unital, strongly unital and subtractive. Recently, an algorithm has been developed to determine implications…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2024-04-23 Michael Hoefnagel , Pierre-Alain Jacqmin