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Let $\mathcal{P}_n$ be the convex hull in $\mathbb{R}^n$ of all parking functions of length $n$. Stanley found the number of vertices and the number of facets of $\mathcal{P}_n$. Building upon these results, we determine the number of faces…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-02-10 Aruzhan Amanbayeva , Danielle Wang

We propose a generalized car parking problem where either a car of size $\sigma$ or of size $m\sigma$ ($m>1$) is sequentially parked on a line with probability $q$ and $(1-q)$, respectively. The free parameter $q$ interpolates between the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-07 M. K. Hassan , J. Schmidt , B. Blasius , J. Kurths

in this article a multilayer parking system of size n=3 is studied. We prove that the asymptotic limit of the particle density in the center approaches a maximum of 1/2 in higher layers. This means a significant increase of capacity…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-06-06 Sjoert Fleurke , Aernout C. D. van Enter

We test the umbral methods introduced by Rota and Taylor within the theory of representation of symmetric group. We define a simple bijection between the set of all parking functions of length $n$ and the set of all noncrossing partitions…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-10-30 P. Petrullo , D. Senato

We consider several variants of a car-sharing problem. Given are a number of requests each consisting of a pick-up location and a drop-off location, a number of cars, and nonnegative, symmetric travel times that satisfy the triangle…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-07-08 Kelin Luo , Frits C. R. Spieksma

We enumerate a class of fully parked trees. In a probabilistic context, this means computing the partition function $F(x,y)$ of the parking process where an i.i.d. number of cars arrives at each vertex of a Galton-Watson tree with a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-03-30 Linxiao Chen

We show that the number of parking functions of length $n$ with zero secondary dinv is equal to the number of ordered cycle decompositions of permutations of $[n]$.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-09 Susanna Fishel , Luis Pena

Let $\Delta$ be an integer $n \times n$-matrix which satisfies the conditions: $\det \Delta\neq 0$, $\Delta_{ij}\leq 0\text{ for }i\neq j,$ and there exists a vector ${\bf r}=(r_1,\ldots,r_n)>0$ such that ${\bf r}\Delta \geq 0$. Here the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-07-09 Jun Ma , Yeong-Nan Yeh

We study the asymptotic behavior of cycles of uniformly random parking functions. Our results are multifold: we obtain an explicit formula for the number of parking functions with a prescribed number of cyclic points and show that the…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-03-25 J. E. Paguyo , Mei Yin

Automated parking is a self-driving feature that has been in cars for several years. Parking assistants in currently sold cars fail to park in more complex real-world scenarios and require the driver to move the car to an expected starting…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Jiri Vlasak , Michal Sojka , Zdeněk Hanzálek

In 2000, it was demonstrated that the set of $x$-parking functions of length $n$, where $x$=($a,b,...,b$) $\in \mathbbm{N}^n$, is equivalent to the set of rooted multicolored forests on [$n$]=\{1,...,$n$\}. In 2020, Yue Cai and Catherine H.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-05-09 Wenkai Yang

We present a bijection between two well-known objects in the ubiquitous Catalan family: non-decreasing parking functions and {\L}ukasiewicz paths. This bijection maps the maximal displacement of a parking function to the height of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-11-08 Thomas Selig , Haoyue Zhu

We give a recursive definition of generalized parking function that allows us to view them as a species. From there we compute a non-commutative characteristic of the generalized parking function module, and deduce some enumeration formulas…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-05-07 Jean-Baptiste Priez , Aladin Virmaux

We present a new proof of the monomial case of Wilmes' conjecture, which gives a formula for the coarsely-graded Betti numbers of the G-parking function ideal in terms of maximal parking functions of contractions of G. Our proof is via…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-12-24 Sam Hopkins

Parking is a necessary component of traditional last-mile delivery practices, but finding parking can be difficult. Yet, the routing literature largely does not account for the need to find parking. In this paper, we address this challenge…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-02-02 Sara Reed , Ann Melissa Campbell , Barrett W. Thomas

Parking functions are well researched and interesting results are found in the listed references and more. Some introductory results stemming from application to degree sequences of simple connected graphs are provided in this paper.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-09-16 Johan Kok

The Catalan numbers constitute one of the most important sequences in combinatorics. Catalan objects have been generalized in various directions, including the classical Fuss-Catalan objects and the rational Catalan generalization of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-05-11 Cesar Ceballos , Rafael S. González D'León

We consider two variations of the discrete car parking problem where at every vertex of the integers a car arrives with rate one, now allowing for parking in two lines. a) The car parks in the first line whenever the vertex and all of its…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 S. R. Fleurke , C. Kuelske

In this article, we establish new results on the probabilistic parking model (introduced by Durm\'ic, Han, Harris, Ribeiro, and Yin) with $m$ cars and $n$ parking spots and probability parameter $p\in[0,1]$. For any $ m \leq n$ and $p \in…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-02-04 Pamela E. Harris , Rodrigo Ribeiro , Mei Yin

We study three natural types of restrictions on Fubini rankings and unit interval parking functions, which are motivated by their correspondence with ordered set partitions. For each restriction type, we define the corresponding subset of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-05 Camilo Barreto , Pamela Harris , José L. Ramírez , Samuel Ramírez , Julio C. Vasquez