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A usual assumption in quantum estimation is that the unknown parameter labels the possible states of the system, while it influences neither the sample space of outcomes nor the measurement aimed at extracting information on the parameter…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-01-18 Luigi Seveso , Matteo A. C. Rossi , Matteo G. A. Paris

Multiparameter quantum estimation theory aims to determine simultaneously the ultimate precision of all parameters contained in the state of a given quantum system. Determining this ultimate precision depends on the quantum Fisher…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-15 Lahcen Bakmou , Mohammed Daoud , Rachid ahl laamara

Simultaneous estimation of multiple parameters is required in many practical applications. A lower bound on the variance of simultaneous estimation is given by the quantum Fisher information matrix. This lower bound is, however, not…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-22 Shingo Kukita

Quantum Fisher information matrix (QFIM) is a core concept in theoretical quantum metrology due to the significant importance of quantum Cram\'{e}r-Rao bound in quantum parameter estimation. However, studies in recent years have revealed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-27 Jing Liu , Haidong Yuan , Xiao-Ming Lu , Xiaoguang Wang

A quantum theory of multiphase estimation is crucial for quantum-enhanced sensing and imaging and may link quantum metrology to more complex quantum computation and communication protocols. In this letter we tackle one of the key…

The power of quantum sensing rests on its ultimate precision limit, quantified by the quantum Cramer-Rao bound (QCRB), which can surpass classical bounds. In multi-parameter estimation, the QCRB is not always saturated as the quantum nature…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-24 Changhao Li , Mo Chen , Paola Cappellaro

The estimation of more than one parameter in quantum mechanics is a fundamental problem with relevant practical applications. In fact, the ultimate limits in the achievable estimation precision are ultimately linked with the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-10-28 Sholeh Razavian , Matteo G. A. Paris , Marco G. Genoni

Noise affects the performance of quantum technologies, hence the importance of elaborating operative figures of merit that can capture its impact in exact terms. In quantum metrology, the introduction of the Fisher information measurement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-30 Francesco Albarelli , Ilaria Gianani , Marco G. Genoni , Marco Barbieri

Single parameter estimation is known to benefit from extreme sensitivity to parameter changes in quantum critical systems. However, the simultaneous estimation of multiple parameters is generally limited due to the incompatibility arising…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-25 Giovanni Di Fresco , Bernardo Spagnolo , Davide Valenti , Angelo Carollo

Uncertainty relations in quantum mechanics express bounds on our ability to simultaneously obtain knowledge about expectation values of non-commuting observables of a quantum system. They quantify trade-offs in accuracy between…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-16 Ilya Kull , Philippe Allard Guérin , Frank Verstraete

The quantum Cram\'er-Rao bound sets a fundamental limit on the accuracy of unbiased parameter estimation in quantum systems, relating the uncertainty in determining a parameter to the inverse of the quantum Fisher information. We…

The Cram\'er-Rao bound captures completely the performance of single-parameter quantum sensors. On the other hand, its extension to multiple parameters demands more caution. Different aspects need to be captured at once, including,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-14 Jayanth Jayakumar , Marco Barbieri , Magdalena Stobińska

We investigate the ultimate precision achievable in Gaussian quantum metrology. We derive general analytical expressions for the quantum Fisher information matrix and for the measurement compatibility condition, ensuring asymptotic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-07-18 Rosanna Nichols , Pietro Liuzzo-Scorpo , Paul A. Knott , Gerardo Adesso

Measurement incompatibility is a cornerstone of quantum mechanics. In the context of estimating multiple parameters of a quantum system, this manifests as a fundamental trade-off between the precisions with which different parameters can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-11 Simon K. Yung , Aritra Das , Jun Suzuki , Ping Koy Lam , Jie Zhao , Lorcán O. Conlon , Syed M. Assad

In multiparameter quantum metrology, the weighted-arithmetic-mean error of estimation is often used as a scalar cost function to be minimized during design optimization. However, other types of mean error can reveal different facets of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-02-12 Xiao-Ming Lu , Zhihao Ma , Chengjie Zhang

As we enter the era of quantum technologies, quantum estimation theory provides an operationally motivating framework for determining high precision devices in modern technological applications. The aim of any estimation process is to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-02 Abdallah Slaoui , Lalla Btissam Drissi , El Hassan Saidi , Rachid Ahl Laamara

The geometry of quantum states has profound implications in quantum multiparameter estimation. While the Riemannian structure of quantum state space is well understood, the full understanding of the curvature structure of mixed quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-20 Yi-Lin Ge , Bing-Shu Hu , Ling-Yun Deng , Xiao-Ming Lu

Simultaneous estimation of multiple parameters in quantum metrological models is complicated by factors relating to the (i) existence of a single probe state allowing for optimal sensitivity for all parameters of interest, (ii) existence of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-01 Sammy Ragy , Marcin Jarzyna , Rafal Demkowicz-Dobrzanski

Quantum multiparameter estimation focuses on the simultaneous inference of multiple parameters in quantum systems through measurement and data processing. Its complexity stems from two key factors: measurement incompatibility and parameter…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-15 Bing-Shu Hu , Xiao-Ming Lu

In quantum metrology, the parameter estimation accuracy is bounded by quantum Fisher information. In this paper, we present coherence measures in terms of (quantum) Fisher information by directly considering the post-selective non-unitary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-06 Deng-hui Yu , Chang-shui Yu
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