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When it comes to in-vehicle networks (IVNs), the controller area network -- CAN -- bus dominates the market; automobiles manufactured and sold around the world depend on the CAN bus for safety-critical communications between various…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Brooke Lampe , Weizhi Meng

This paper introduces a method for unsupervised tokenization of Controller Area Network (CAN) data payloads using bit level transition analysis and a greedy grouping strategy. The primary goal of this proposal is to extract individual time…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-04-08 Brent J. Stone , Scott Graham , Barry Mullins , Christine Schubert Kabban

The Controller Area Network (CAN) protocol is a standard for in-vehicle communication but remains susceptible to cyber-attacks due to its lack of built-in security. This paper presents a multi-stage intrusion detection framework leveraging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Robert Frenken , Sidra Ghayour Bhatti , Hanqin Zhang , Qadeer Ahmed

Current research in the automotive domain has proven the limitations of the CAN protocol from a security standpoint. Application-layer attacks, which involve the creation of malicious packets, are deemed feasible from remote but can be…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-21 Alvise de Faveri Tron , Stefano Longari , Michele Carminati , Mario Polino , Stefano Zanero

Nowadays with the help of advanced technology, modern vehicles are not only made up of mechanical devices but also consist of highly complex electronic devices and connections to the outside world. There are around 70 Electronic Control…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-11-27 Omid Avatefipour , Hafiz Malik

The Controller Area Network (CAN) is considered as the de-facto standard for the in-vehicle communications due to its real-time performance and high reliability. Unfortunately, the lack of security protection on the CAN bus gives attackers…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-09-24 Zhaojun Lu , Qian Wang , Xi Chen , Gang Qu , Yongqiang Lyu , Zhenglin Liu

Vehicle technology has developed rapidly these years, however, the security measures for in-vehicle network does not keep up with the trend. Controller area network(CAN) is the most used protocol in the in-vehicle network. With the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Hsinlin Tan

The Controller Area Network (CAN) bus serves as a standard protocol for facilitating communication among various electronic control units (ECUs) within contemporary vehicles. However, it has been demonstrated that the CAN bus is susceptible…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Maloy Kumar Devnath

The controller area network (CAN) is the most widely used intra-vehicular communication network in the automotive industry. Because of its simplicity in design, it lacks most of the requirements needed for a security-proven communication…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-30 Riadul Islam , Rafi Ud Daula Refat , Sai Manikanta Yerram , Hafiz Malik

Controller Area Network (CAN) is an essential networking protocol that connects multiple electronic control units (ECUs) in a vehicle. However, CAN-based in-vehicle networks (IVNs) face security risks owing to the CAN mechanisms. An…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Seonghoon Jeong , Sangho Lee , Hwejae Lee , Huy Kang Kim

Recent advancements in 3D-printing/additive manufacturing has brought forth a new interest in the use of Controller Area Network (CAN) for multi-module, plug-and-play bus support for their embedded systems. CAN systems provide a variety of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Tyler Cultice , Himanshu Thapliyal

Modern vehicles contain a few controller area networks (CANs), which allow scores of on-board electronic control units (ECUs) to communicate messages critical to vehicle functions and driver safety. CAN provide a lightweight and reliable…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-01-08 Krzysztof Pawelec , Robert A. Bridges , Frank L. Combs

With the development of autonomous vehicle technology, the controller area network (CAN) bus has become the de facto standard for an in-vehicle communication system because of its simplicity and efficiency. However, without any encryption…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Thien-Nu Hoang , Daehee Kim

In the last several decades, the automotive industry has come to incorporate the latest Information and Communications (ICT) technology, increasingly replacing mechanical components of vehicles with electronic components. These electronic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-07-05 Wonsuk Choi , Hyo Jin Jo , Samuel Woo , Ji Young Chun , Jooyoung Park , Dong Hoon Lee

Modern vehicles are complex safety critical cyber physical systems, that are connected to the outside world, with all security implications that brings. To enhance vehicle security several network intrusion detection systems (NIDS) have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-05-29 Guillaume Dupont , Jerry den Hartog , Sandro Etalle , Alexios Lekidis

Virtualization technology is nowadays adopted in security-critical embedded systems to achieve higher performance and more design flexibility. However, it also comes with new security threats, where attackers leverage timing covert channels…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-29 Domenico Cotroneo , Luigi De Simone , Roberto Natella

The lack of any sender authentication mechanism in place makes CAN (Controller Area Network) vulnerable to security threats. For instance, an attacker can impersonate an ECU (Electronic Control Unit) on the bus and send spoofed messages…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-26 Shailja Thakur

Data for controlling a vehicle is exchanged among Electronic Control Units (ECUs) via in-vehicle network protocols such as the Controller Area Network (CAN) protocol. Since these protocols are designed for an isolated network, the protocols…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-07-26 Sang Uk Sagong , Radha Poovendran , Linda Bushnell

Radiological material transportation is primarily facilitated by heavy-duty on-road vehicles. Modern vehicles have dozens of electronic control units or ECUs, which are small, embedded computers that communicate with sensors and each other…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-28 Samuel C Hollifield , Pablo Moriano , William L Lambert , Joel Asiamah , Isaac Sikkema , Michael D Iannacone

CANs are a broadcast protocol for real-time communication of critical vehicle subsystems. Original equipment manufacturers of passenger vehicles hold secret their mappings of CAN data to vehicle signals, and these definitions vary according…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-06-24 Miki E. Verma , Robert A. Bridges , Jordan J. Sosnowski , Samuel C. Hollifield , Michael D. Iannacone